Africa Hnam Pa, Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)

By: Joseph Saia (Australia)

“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” (Rivonia Trial Speech, April 20, 1964)

“We, the people of South Africa, declare for all our country and the world to know that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people.” (Opening Words of the Freedom Charter)

A CHANCHIN TLÂNGPUI:

Ram ni tla sêng lova rorêltu Kumpinu leh Dutch (Afrikaners)-ho awp behna hnuaia chi inthliarna dodâla zalênna sual chhuaktu Nelson Mandela hi South Africa rama mi hang President hmasa ber a ni a, kum 1994 aṭanga 1999 thleng khân South Africa President nihna a chelh a ni. Africa ramah hian chi inthliarna leh mihring dikna chanvo inrah behsakna a hluar êm êm mai a, mi tam tak chuan khawvêla human rights awm miah lohna ram tiin an sawi hial ṭhîn a ni. Nelson Mandela hian chu dinhmun chu lei ben ṭhelh theih loh tlûkin a hre chiang a, dân sakei an tih mai chi bîng inthliarna dân hmanga inawpna (Racial Apartheid System) chu nuai bova Africa mi hangte zalênna sual chhuak tûrin theihtâwp a chhuah a. (‘Apartheid’tih hi Dutch/Afrikaans ṭawng a ni a, chi leh hnam ang zêla inthliarhranna leh indahhranna tihna a ni.)

Africa rama mi hangte chanvo humhalh a nih theih nân leh zalênna chu an ta a nih anga pêk a nih theih nân amah ngeiin Fort Hare University leh University of Witwatersrand-ah dân lam a zir a. Johannesburg-a a awm laiin African National Congress party a zawm a, ANC Youth League-a a phusa ber pâwl a ni bawk a. African National Congress (ANC) party-ah kum 8 lai President nihna a chelh a, chumi chhûng chuan South Africa ram kalphung tam tak a siam ṭha hman a ni. Nelson Mandela chuan South Africa-ah chauh ni lovin khawvêl pum puia remna leh muanna a awm theih nân thi leh thau pawlhin hma a la a, kum 1998-1999 chhûng khân Non Aligned Movement-ah General Secretary hna a chelh a, ram tân ṭhahnemngai takin hna a thawk a ni.

Kum 1948 aṭang khân South African National Congress Party (ANC) chuan mite hriat a hlawh hle tawh a. ANC-in kum 1952-a Defiance Campaign a buatsaih ṭum khân Nelson Mandela tih hming chu a lâr hle a ni. Nelson Mandela chu ANC hnuaia Transvaal Organization Suprintendent atân thlan a ni a. Kum 1955-ah South African Indian Congress, The Coloured People’s Congress, The South African Congress of Trade Unions leh The Congress of Democrats-te infin khâwma an din Congress of the People pawh amahin a huaihawt bawk a. Kum 1956-ah Mandela leh a ṭhuihruai mi 150-te chu tharum hmanga sawrkâr paihthlâk tumah leh Communist sawrkâr din tuma puh an ni a, Mandela leh a sangawi zawnpuite chu lung inah an khung ta phîar mai a ni.

Karl Marx-a zirtîrna Marxism chuan a nun pum pui a luah khat tlat a. Marxism chu sawrkâr leh khawtlâng inkaihhruaina atâna ṭha ber niin a ring tlat a. Kum 1960-ah South African Communist Party (SACP) a zawm a, Central Committee-ah pawh a phusa ber pâwl a ni. South Africa rama chi inthliarna nasa tak chu tharum thawha tihbo theih niin a ring a, a kalphung hmasa, sahuai thingvawna a lo vawn tlat chu thlâkin tharum thawha chet a tum ta a. Kum 1961-ah SACP hnuaia tharum hmanga sawrkâr eptu pâwl Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) a din a. He pâwl hi ANC hnuaia tharum thawh lova sawrkârna eptu pâwl angin a kaihruai hlauh thung a ni. Mandela kaihhruai MK pâwlte chuan ni thum chhûng ngawt mai hnathawktute nawrh an huaihawt avângin Mandela leh a ṭhuihruaite chu tharum hmanga sawrkâr paihthlâk a, Communist sawrkârna din tuma puhin man an ni ta a, kum thum chhûng jail bang zût tûra tih an ni a. Kum 1962-ah Mandela leh ANC hruaitu 10- te chu thubuai rip tak awrhtîr niin dam chhûng tâng tûra an chungthu rêlsak an ni ta a ni. (Mandela leh SACP-te inzawmna hi Mandela thih hnuah chauh chiang taka hriat chhuah a ni.) 

Kum 1964 aṭangin Mandela chu lung in hrehawm tak tak Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison leh Victor Verster Prison-ah te kum 27 chhûng zet mai hrên a ni a. Tân ina a awm lai hian University of London aṭangin correspondence-in Law Degree (LLB) a sual chhuak a, tân in aṭanga degree sual chhuak awm chhun a ni hial a ni. Kum 1985-ah South Africa President P.W. Botha-a chuan ANC- ten tharum thawha sawrkâr an karna leh sawrkâr chunga an helna an bansan chuan Mandela leh ANC hruaitute chu chhuah an ni ang tih a tiam a; mahse, Mandela leh ANC hruaitute chuan chu rawtna chu an hnâwl a ni.

South Africa ram hruaituten dik lo taka political lung in tângte ro an rêlsak avângin khawvêl ram hruitute leh a ram mipuite chuan Mandela leh ANC hruaitute chu a rang thei ang bera chhuah zalên tûrin South Africa ram hruaitute chu an nawr nasa hle a. ANC hruaitute leh South Africa sawrkâr hruaitute chu vawi eng emaw zât inbe râwnin remna thu sawi ṭhîn mah se, awrpuar fangra awrh an sawi ang maiin ANC lam hian an ngaih dân an thlâk duh tlat lo va, chu vâng chuan an inkârah inremna tak tak a awm thei chuang lo a ni. President Botha-a rawn thlâktu President Frederik Willem de Klerk-a’n sawrkâr thuneihna a lâk hnu khân inremna an siam thei ta hrâm a, kum 1990, February ni 11 khân ANC hruiatu Mandela leh mi dangte chu chhuah zalên an ni ta bawk a ni.

Lung in aṭanga chhuah a nih hnu chuan Africa rama chi bîng leh vun rawng inthliarna dân (Racial Apartheid) tibo tûrin hma a la chhunzawm nghâl a. ANC president Oliver Tambo-a chuan dam lohna avânga a nihna a chawlhsan dâwn avângin kum 1991-ah Mandela chu African National Congress (ANC) President atân thlan a ni a, chi bîng leh vun rawng inthliarna dân nuai bo tûra a mawhphurhna hlen tumin theihtâwp a chhuah ta a ni. 

Africa mi hangte dikna chanvo humhalha inrah behna leh inpâwngnêkna titâwp tûr leh chi inthliarna awm lova zalên taka inthlanna (Multiracial Election) buatsaih tûrin President Frederik Willem de Klerk-a chu a ngên a. South Africa chuan April ni 27, 1994-ah democracy kalphung pângngai anga ram chhûnga hnam zawng zawng telna inthlanpui hmasa ber a buatsaih ta a ni. National Assembly seats 400-ah Mandela party African National Congress (ANC) chuan seat 252 lain sawrkârna a chang ta a, May ni 10, 1994-ah Mandela chu South Africa mi hang President hmasa ber a lo ni ta a ni. President nihna a chelh laiin F.W. de Klerk-a chu a Deputy Minister-ah a hmang zui nghâl a. President F.W. de Klerk-a nên chi bîng leh vun rawng inthliarna dân nuai bo tûra an hma lâkna avângin kum 1993 khân khawvêla chawimawina sâng ber Nobel Peace Prize chu a rualin an dawng ve ve a ni. March ni 29, 1999-ah Mandela-a’n President nihna a chawlhsan a. A deputy Thabo Mbeki-a’n president nihna a rawn chelh hnu chuan Mandela pawh chuan thui tak a lo zawh tawh politics lamtluang chu hnuchhawnin a chawlhsan ve ta a ni.

President nihna a chawlhsan hnu chuan mi rethei leh chhuanchhamte chhawmdâwl nân Nelson Mandela Foundation a din a. A Foundation kal tlang hian HIV/AIDS natna veite a enkawl bawk a, a hun hnuhnûng lamah chuan remna leh muanna zawngin khawvêl ram hrang hrangah a zin ṭhîn a ni.

Kum 2001 aṭangin a hrisêlnain tlâkhniam lam a pan ṭan a, kum 2010 FIFA World Cup tâwp zâna a inlan kha mipui hmaa a inlan hnuhnûng ber a ni ta a ni. A natna enkawlin damdawi in hmun tam tak a pan ṭhîn a; mahse, a natna chuan ṭhat lam a pan theih loh avângin December ni 5, 2013, zân dâr 8:50-ah Africa hnam pa Dr. Mandela chu Johannesburg-a a chênna inah a boral ta a ni. South Africa mi hang President hmasa ber Dr. Nelson Mandela chu khawvêlin a sûn nasa hle a. South Africa mi hangte tâna zalênna sual chhuaktu a nih avângin mi tam tak chuan “The Father of the Nation, The Founding Father of Democracy, The National Liberator, The Saviour,” tih tein hming dang dangin an ko ṭhîn a ni.