By: Lehkhabu Khawvel
Politics awmzia hrilhfiahna:
Mizoten thumal bul tak kan neih loh, mahse ‘ka vaibel’ tih khawpa kan hriat bel em em chu ‘politics’ tih thumal hi a ni. English thumal ‘politics’ tih hi Greek thumal ‘polis’ tih atanga lo kal a ni a, a awmzia chu tualchhung/khawtlang/ram inrelbawl dan tihna a ni. Greek tawng ‘politicos’ tih chu Latin tawng chuan ‘politicus’ tih a ni a, France tawng erawh chuan “politique” tih a ni bawk. Heng thumal hrang hrangte atang hian English thumal ‘politics’ tih hi a lo piang chhuak ta a ni. Politics hi tualchhunga hna pakhat khat emaw, thuneihna emaw, zirthiamna emaw, sakhua chungchang emawa inrelbawl dan/inawp dan a nih avangin he thumal hian a huam zau hle a, hrilhfiah vek sen pawh a awl lo hle.
A tawi thei ang bera kan sawi chuan mipuiten ram leh hnam siamthatna atana duh dan leh ngaih dan thuhmun neia lungrual taka thutlukna kan siam hi a ni. Zau zawka kan thlir chuan mipui rorelna a ni leh a, he rorelnaah hian mihringte inkara buaina chi hrang hrang sawi hova chin fel dan ngaihtuah te, zirna leh thiamna kawnga mihringten hma kan sawnchhoh zel theihna atana tanrual leh thawh ho te, sakhua inzirtirnate pawh a huam tel vek a ni. Chu bakah mihring kan inlaichinna, kan indawrtawnna leh khawsakna (social relations) kawnga a tul dan dana thuneihna (authority) hman emaw, thiltihtheihna (power) hman emaw pawh a huam tel a, mipui lungrualten dan leh dun fel taka kan siam anga inkaihhruai leh inzirtirte pawh a huam tel vek a ni. Politics tih thumal hian Democracy chauh ni lovin Communism te, Socialism te, Capitalism-te leh heng Dictatorship kan tih zawng zawngte pawh a hual tel vek tih hria ila, heng zinga kan hriatlar ber Democracy chanchin hi tlemin i han sawi lawk the ang.
Democracy awmzia leh a lo intan dan
Politics kan sawi apianga kan theihnghilh hauh loh tur thil pahnih chu democracy leh political party te hi an ni. Political party kan sawi hmain democracy tih hi kan sawi hmasa ang a, he thumal pawh hian a huam zau em avangin sawifiah vek sen a ni lo. Democracy kan tih pawh hi Greek thumal atang bawka lo kal a ni a, ‘demos’ ‘mipui’ tih leh ‘kratos’ ‘chakna’ ‘thiltihtheihna’ (force/power) tih atanga lo kal a ni. Democracy tih lo lanna hmasa ber chu BC.460 Aeolian Temnus-a thuziakah khan a ni a, BC.400-430 bawr vela Herodotus-a thuziakahte pawh hmuh tur a awm. Mithiamte chhut dan chuan BC.500 vel atang tawh khan he thu hi Greek ramah leh a chheh vel ramah chuan a lo lar hle tawh a, Athen leh Attica-ah te pawh an lo hmang daih tawh niin an sawi.
Democracy lo chhuahna leh an hman tanna chungchangah sawi dan hrang hrang a awm a, historian-te thutlukna chu Athen atanga lo intan tih hi a ni. Heng hun lai hian Athen khawpuiah democracy inawpna tih chu a lar hle a, a ram thenawmten democracy inawpna leh rorelna chu hmang ve mah se, Athen inawp dan leh rorel dan zulzui chiah chuan an hmang lem lo va, Athen tluka ram hmasawn, ralmuang, ram chak leh thiltithei ram an awm tak tak lo a ni.
Mithiamte sawi dan chuan heng hun lai hian Athen-ah mihring nuai thum vel chauh awm nia chhut a ni a, chumi zingah chuan Athen ram leh tui nihna (citizenship) nei chu mi 120,000- 160,000 emaw chauh an la ni. Athen khawpuia sumdawnna siama awmte chu mi 45,000 vel an ni a, sal zalen tawhte leh la zalen lo te pawh mi 80,000 vel lai awm nia chhuat a ni bawk. Athen ram leh tui nihna nei tawh zinga kum 20 tling tawh apingte chu inhmuh khawmna (Assembly)-a tel phal a ni a, he inhmuh khawmnaah hian mahni duh dan leh ngaih dante zalen taka sawi theih a ni. He inhmuh khawmna hi kum khat chhungin vawi 10 lai buitsaih thin a ni a, mi 6,000 vel an tlin chuan he inthlan hi tihpuitlin theih a ni bawk. Vote an pek danah pawh vote chi hnih chiah a awm a, awlsam tak mai a ni. Ban phar chungin lung sen leh lung dum an keng mai a, lung sen kenga ban an phar chuan, “Ka pawm e/ka thawmpui e,” tihna a ni mai a, lung dum kenga ban an phar chuan, “Ka pawm lo/ka tawmpui lo,” tihna a ni leh mai a ni. Athen hnu lai hian direct democracy kan tih mai, aiawh palai inthlang hran lova mitinin mahni duh dan leh tha tih dan dana vote pek mai chu democracy an hriat dan ber a ni a. He inthlannaah hian mi tupawh ram dana kumtling tawh reng reng chu zalen taka vote pek phalsak an ni a, mi lian mi te, mi rethei leh hausa inthlirhranna a awm reng reng lo.
Athen-a democracy hmasawn dan leh thanchhoh dan tam tak chu BC. 594 vela Solon-a thuziakah te, BC. 509 bawr vela Cleisthenes-a thuziakah te leh BC. 462 vela Ephiatles-a thuziakah te hmuh tur tam tak a awm. Athen democracy hian engang chin nge a huam zau tih leh engang democracy chiah nge an lo hman tih chungchangah erawh historian-te ngaih dan a hrang thluah a, sawi dan tam tam a awm bawk.
Pericles-a lal lai kha Athenian democracy that lai ber nia sawi thin a ni a, a thih hnu khan Athen democracy chuan buaina rapthlak tak vawihnih meuh a tawk a, chung buaina zawng zawng chu Peloponnesian War tawp lam khan a reh fel thei chauh a ni. Eucleides hun laiin Athen democracy chu siamthat a, tundin that leh a ni a; amaherawhchu, BC. 322 khan Macedonians-hoten an run leh a, chumi hnu chuan Athenian democracy pawh zawi zawiin a tlahniam ta zel a. Macedonians-hoten an run hnu pawh khan Athenian democracy chu siamthat leh tho a ni a; mahse, engang democracy chhiahin nge Athen inawpna an rawn siamthat leh tih chungchangah erawh historians-te ngaih dan a inang lo hle thung.
Democracy Chi hnih
Kan sawi tawh angin democracy tih thumal hian a huam zau em em a, mithiamte hrilhfiah dan pawh a inang lo thluah tih kan tarlang tawh a. Democracy awmzia hrilhfiahna zinga fiah ber leh tawi famkim ber chu US President Abraham Lincoln-a hrilhfiahna hi a ni awm e. Lincoln-a chuan, “Democracy is government of the people, government for the people and government by the people,” a ti a, “Democracy kan tih chu ram leh hnam hmasawnna leh thatna tura mipui rolrelna chu mipui vekin lungrual taka an thlan,” a ni ti ila, a fiah mai awm e. Hemi awmzia fiah taka kan en chuan democracy tih chu rinna pakhat (ism) mai ni lovin ram leh hnam thatna tura inawpna/ rorelna dan (method) fel fai tak a ni tih kan hrethei mai awm e. Democracy awmzia a zau ang bawkin ram khat leh ram khatten an hman dan leh hrilhfiah dante pawh a inang vek lo va, hun hrang hranga an lo hman dante pawh a inang vek hek lo. A tlangpui thuin mithiamte chuan democracy tih hi hlawmpui pahnihin an then a, chungte chu Direct democracy leh Indirect democracy te an ni.
Kan sawi tawh angin mi lian mi te, mi hausa leh mi rethei inthliarna awm lova mitinin mahni duh dan leh tha tih dan dana vote an pektheihna chu direct democracy tih a ni a, mipui lungrualten mipui aiawhia palai an thlan hi indirect democracy kan tih chu a ni. Ram tinten democracy kan hman dan a inang vek lova, kan ram nena inmil/inrem democracy kan hmang theuh va, chung zinga a larzual bik te chu-:
1. Parliament Democracy
2. Socialist Democracy
3. People’s Democracy
4. Guided Democracy
5. National Democracy
6. New Democracy
7. Multi Democracy
8. Representative Democracy te an ni.
Politics leh Political Party
Politics leh democracy kan sawi apianga kan hmaih hauh theih loh chu political party hi a ni. Politics, democracy leh political party kan tihte hi khaidiat anga inzawm tlat, sawihran theih miah loh an ni a, kan sawikawp zel a tul a ni. Political party chu engnge a nih a, engang tehna (criteria) hmangin nge kan teh dawn tih a hnuaiah hian kan sawiho leh lawk dawn a ni.
Pakhatnaah, ‘political party kan tih chu mi tam zawkten ram leh hnam siamthat nana inzirtirna, dan kalphung (system) leh awmze nei/mumal (organized) taka an siam dan leh dun an siamte pawmtlang a, hmun khata an luanzana a ni’ ti ila a sual tam awm lo ve. Pahnihna, mi tam zawkten duh leh ngaih dan intawm an neih te chu tipuitling ngei tura inthlanna hmanga sorkar an din tumna a ni leh a. Party hi ram leh hnam siamthat nana mi engemaw zat inhlawm khawmte luan khawmna hmun a nih avangin Khawthlang mithiamte chuan (part of the people) emaw (part of a whole) emaw tihte in an sawi thin a, he ngaih dan atanga lo lang chu political party chu politics bu pui chhunga a peng pakhat mai a ni tih kan hmu thei awm e.
Keini Burma ramah pawh political party 235 meuh lo awm tawh thin niin mithiamte chuan an sawi a; mahse, Burma ram hian democracy dik tak a vawnnun zawh loh avangin election campaign-te leh inthlannate kan nei ngai meuh lova; chuvang chuan, thang leh tharten political party kan hriat dante leh political system kan hriat dante hi a chiang lo em em a. Inthlang ramah chuan heng political party-te hi ram leh hnam siamthatna/rawngbawlna hmun (political platform) a nih avangin kan sawi takte hi hriat a pawimawh hle a ni. Democracy ram tam zawkah chuan political party-te hian ram leh hnam siamthatna kawngah pawimawhna thui tak an nei vek a, a chhan chu political party hi mi tam zawkte duh dan leh ngaih dan intawm/luan khawmna hmun (interest aggregation) a nih vang a ni. NGO thenkhatte leh Civil Society hrang hrangten ram leh hnam siamthatna kawng dapin hna thawk ve thin mah se, a tawpah chuan inthlanna hmanga sawrkar thuneihna chan tum a ni zel tho a ni. Chutianga sawrkar thuneihna chan tum political party hrang hrangte chuan inthlan hmain election campaign-te pawh nasa takin an lo nei lawk thin a, sum leh pai (budget) te pawh tam tak siamin an lo inbuaisaih lawk vek thin a ni. Inthlang ramah chuan political party hrang hrangte chu ram leh hnam siamthat nana sorkar din tumin an inhmachhawn ta a, chutak chu Mizoten politics kan tih chu a ni.
1. Parliament Democracy
2. Socialist Democracy
3. People’s Democracy
4. Guided Democracy
5. National Democracy
6. New Democracy
7. Multi Democracy
8. Representative Democracy te an ni.
Politics leh Political Party
Politics leh democracy kan sawi apianga kan hmaih hauh theih loh chu political party hi a ni. Politics, democracy leh political party kan tihte hi khaidiat anga inzawm tlat, sawihran theih miah loh an ni a, kan sawikawp zel a tul a ni. Political party chu engnge a nih a, engang tehna (criteria) hmangin nge kan teh dawn tih a hnuaiah hian kan sawiho leh lawk dawn a ni.
Pakhatnaah, ‘political party kan tih chu mi tam zawkten ram leh hnam siamthat nana inzirtirna, dan kalphung (system) leh awmze nei/mumal (organized) taka an siam dan leh dun an siamte pawmtlang a, hmun khata an luanzana a ni’ ti ila a sual tam awm lo ve. Pahnihna, mi tam zawkten duh leh ngaih dan intawm an neih te chu tipuitling ngei tura inthlanna hmanga sorkar an din tumna a ni leh a. Party hi ram leh hnam siamthat nana mi engemaw zat inhlawm khawmte luan khawmna hmun a nih avangin Khawthlang mithiamte chuan (part of the people) emaw (part of a whole) emaw tihte in an sawi thin a, he ngaih dan atanga lo lang chu political party chu politics bu pui chhunga a peng pakhat mai a ni tih kan hmu thei awm e.
Keini Burma ramah pawh political party 235 meuh lo awm tawh thin niin mithiamte chuan an sawi a; mahse, Burma ram hian democracy dik tak a vawnnun zawh loh avangin election campaign-te leh inthlannate kan nei ngai meuh lova; chuvang chuan, thang leh tharten political party kan hriat dante leh political system kan hriat dante hi a chiang lo em em a. Inthlang ramah chuan heng political party-te hi ram leh hnam siamthatna/rawngbawlna hmun (political platform) a nih avangin kan sawi takte hi hriat a pawimawh hle a ni. Democracy ram tam zawkah chuan political party-te hian ram leh hnam siamthatna kawngah pawimawhna thui tak an nei vek a, a chhan chu political party hi mi tam zawkte duh dan leh ngaih dan intawm/luan khawmna hmun (interest aggregation) a nih vang a ni. NGO thenkhatte leh Civil Society hrang hrangten ram leh hnam siamthatna kawng dapin hna thawk ve thin mah se, a tawpah chuan inthlanna hmanga sawrkar thuneihna chan tum a ni zel tho a ni. Chutianga sawrkar thuneihna chan tum political party hrang hrangte chuan inthlan hmain election campaign-te pawh nasa takin an lo nei lawk thin a, sum leh pai (budget) te pawh tam tak siamin an lo inbuaisaih lawk vek thin a ni. Inthlang ramah chuan political party hrang hrangte chu ram leh hnam siamthat nana sorkar din tumin an inhmachhawn ta a, chutak chu Mizoten politics kan tih chu a ni.
Keini Burma ramah pawh political party hrang hrang kan nei a, mahse sipai sorkarin democracy hmaikawr mai invuaha ram a hruai thin avangin inthlanna tak tak kan la nei thei lo va, kum 2015-a inthlanna lo awm tur pawh hi a ziktluak ang em? tih hi thlirtu tam takte inhnialna a ni. Kan ram chuan democracy ram anga a inchalna tam tak awm thin mah se Cuba, China, North Korea ram ang lek a nih tho avangin inthlanna zelen tak a buaisaih duh lova, political party tinte dikna leh hlutna a hriatpui hma chuan kan rama political reform siam hi a awl lo hle dawn a ni.
Thu ziahchhan: Keini Kawlram Zofate pawh kum 60 zet mai Sipai rorelna hnuaiah kan lo awm tawh a, sawrkar inkaihhruai dan leh inrelbawl dante hi thangtharten kan hriat dan a chiang lo em em a, kan ram dinhmun inher chho zelah hian thangtharten Politics kan tih te, Democracy kan tihte leh Political Party kan tih hi hre ve in, kan khawvel thlirna kawngka a lo zauh theih nan leh Ram inrelbawl dan kalhmang kan hriatna lo tipungtu ni hram se tih hi he thuin a tum ber chu a ni e. (Ziaktu)
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