10 Golden Rules To Live By

1. TODAY I WILL NOT STRIKE BACK:  If someone is rude, if someone is impatient, if someone is unkind...I will not respond in a like manner.  

2. TODAY I WILL ASK GOD TO BLESS MY "ENEMY": If I come across someone who treats me harshly or unfairly, I will quietly ask God to bless that individual. I understand the "enemy" could be a family member, neighbor, co-worker, or a stranger.

3. TODAY I WILL BE CAREFUL ABOUT WHAT I SAY: I will carefully choose and guard my words being certain that I do not spread gossip.

4. TODAY I WILL GO THE EXTRA MILE: I will find ways to help share the burden of another person.

We Never Get What We Want

We never get what we want, We never want what we get,
We never have what we like, We never like what we have.
And still we live & love. That's life...
  
The best kind of people, Is the kind you can sit on a porch and swing with, Never say a word,
And then walk away feeling like it was the best conversation you've ever had. 
It's true that we don't know What we've got until it's gone, But it's also true that we don't know What we've been missing until it arrives.
  
Giving someone all your love is never an assurance that they'll love you back! Don't expect love in return; Just wait for it to grow in their heart, But if it doesn't, be content it grew in yours.

Unfaithful Wife

Nupui rinawm lo   An pa khualzin pawh hma taka haw tumin a inbuatsaih a. Mahse a Flight a Delay tak avangin zan tlai tak hnuah  chauh Airport a thleng thei a. Hmanhmawh tak chuan Taxi driver chu a ko va, a in lamah chuan a haw vang vang ta a.   An nupui rinawm lo tak chu a ringhlel hle mai a, “Kan nu chhesual kan man chuan $ 100 ka pe ang che,” tiin a taxi driver chu thuhretu ni turin a sawm a. 

Taxi driver pawh chuan rem a ti ta a.   In an thlen chuan an nu chesual man tum chuan thawm dim te in an in chu an lut a, tichuan an khum chu an va bihthla a. An pindan thimah chuan thawm danglam tak ri vel chu an hre ta a, an pa chuan vawilehkhatah mei a han hmet eng thut a, chutah a ngaihzawng pa nena ruak nghal ngata an lo mu dun chu a hmu ta a, an pa thinrim lutuk chuan a pistol a phawi nghal a, a mipa zawk chu a tin ta reng mai a. An nu hlau lutuk tihnghaihna hre lo chuan, “Pa ber, khawngaih takin kap lul suh ang che. He pa hi mi tha tak leh mi thilphal tak a ni a. Heng ka cheng neih zawng zawngte hi ka nu leh pa ro a ni ka tih kha dawt ka lo hrilh che alawm.  I kawr man tam ber ka leisak che pawh kha he pa lei vek hi a ni a, kan inchhuanga bungrua man to tak tak leh dil kama kan in mawi tak pawh hi he pa min leisak vek alawm! Club member fee pawh kha he pa min tumsak vek hi a ni a, thla tin fee pawh min peksak zel asin!!” a ti a. An pa mangang lutuk tih tur hre lo chuan a hawi a hawi kual a, tichuan a pistol chu zawi muangin a tinhniam ta zel a, a taxi driver chu en rengin, “He dinhmunah hian ding ta la, he pa hi engtin nge i tih dawn?” tiin a zawt ta a. Taxi driver chuan, “Vawt a tih hmain puan lum tak ka sin tir ang,” tiin a chhang a.   A hnuaia Unfaithful Wife tih hi Mizo-a kan lehlin chhawn a ni.   

Unfaithful Wife   

A man returning home a day early from a business trip  got into a taxi at the airport. It was after midnight.  While en route to his home, he asked the cabby if he  would be a witness. The man suspected his wife was having  an affair and he intended to catch her in the act.  For $100, the cabby agreed. Quietly arriving at the  house, the husband and cabby tiptoed into the bedroom.  The husband switched on the lights, yanked the blanket  back and there was his wife in bed with another man.  The husband put a gun to the naked man's head.  The wife shouted, "Don't do it! This man has been very  generous! I lied when I told you I inherited money."  "He paid for the Corvette I bought for you. He paid for  our new cabin cruiser. He paid for our house at the lake."  "He paid for our country club membership,  and he even pays the monthly dues!"  Shaking his head from side-to-side the husband slowly lowered the gun.  He looked over at the cab driver and said, "What would you do?"  The cabby said, "I'd cover him up with that blanket  before he catches a cold."    

IQ atangin EQ lamah

Mithiamten IQ (Intelligent Quotient) tia an sawi fo thin hi kan hre hle awm e. Mizo tawnga a awmzia chu thluak hnathawh dan atanga thil kan hriat chak leh chak loh finfiahna  ti ila a sual tam awm lo ve. Thluak hnathawh dan hriatchian tumin scientist mithiamte chuan vawi duai lo research an lo bei tawh a. Psychologist Jean Piaget-a pawhin thluak hnathawh dan hriatchian tumim naupang tam tak a lo finfiah tawh thin a, mahse thlauk hnathawh dan ziahna lehkhabu hmasa ber erawh kum 1905 khan France mi, psychologist Alfred Binet-an a lo chhuah daih tawh a ni. A hnuah chuan scientist mithiamten thluak hnatawh dan chi hrang hrang an hriat theih nan mimal kum zira then a tul thu an rawn hmuchhuak ta a, chutianga mimal kum zira thluak hnathawh dan enchhinna chu America Stanford University-a psychologist professor Lewis Terman-an a rawn buatsaih ta a, chu enchhinna chu (Intelligent Quotient) IQ tiin hming a vuah ta a ni. IQ enchhinna hian a huam zau hle a, science leh sociology zirna lam thlengin a huap tel vek a.

English Self-Study Part-4 (English-Burmese)

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၄သည္တစ္ခါ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ (က) အတည္ၪပေပးရမွာ (ခ) မဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း ျငင္း ေပးရမွာပါ။ အဲသလို ျငင္းတဲ့အခါ ကတၱားပုဒ္ကို နာမ္စားအျဖစ္ ေျပာင္းလိုက္ၿပီး အဲဒီ့နာမ္စား ေနာက္မွာ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ အကူႀကိယာနဲ႔ အတည္ျပဳရ၊ ျငင္းရမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ - Can Tom swim? ၊ ဆိုရင္ အေျဖက Yes, he can. နဲ႔ No, he can’t. ျဖစ္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။သတိထားသင့္တာကIs that Bill? ««အဲဒါ ဘစ္(လ္)လား» လို႔ ေျပာထားရင္ အေျဖကYes, it is. နဲ႔ No, it isn’t. သာ ျဖစ္ရပါလိမ့္မယ္။အလားတူပဲ Will there be time? ဆိုရင္ အေျဖက Yes, there will. နဲ႔ No, there won’t. သာ ျဖစ္ရေတာ့မွာပါ။ အဲ... ေမးခြန္းအမွတ္ ၇ နဲ႔ ၁၅ မွာ needn’t ကိုေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ၂၆ မွာ mustကိုေသာ္ လည္းေကာင္း သံုးေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။ 

Answer the following questions (a) in the affirmative (b) in the negative, in each case repeating the auxiliary and using a pronoun as subject Use needn’t in 7 and 15. Use must in 26 and 35.

1. Is the water deep?

2. Do you know the way?

3. Can you swim?

4. Does he come every day?

5. Is that Tom over there?

6. Are you Tom’s brother?

7. Must you go? 

8. Are you enjoying yourselves?

9. Did he see you?

10. Would £10 be enough?

11. May I borrow your car?

12. Is this the front of the queue?

13. Will she be there?

14. Do you play cards?

15. Should I tell the police?

 16. Can you cook?

17. Are you ready?

18. Could women join the club?

19. Is your name Pitt?

20. Were they frightened?

21. Will his mother be there?

22. Ought I to get a new one?

23. Should I tell him the truth? 

24. Was the driver killed?

25. Have you any money?26. Need we finish the exercise?

27. Used he to ride in races?

28. Would you like to see him?

29. Is this yours?

30. Do you want it?31. Can I take it? 

32. Will you bring it back tomorrow?

33. Are you free this evening?

34. Am I in your way?

35. Need I wear a tie?

36. Was that Bill on the phone?သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းရဲ႕ အေျဖေတြကိုေတာ့ ေအာက္မွာ ဆက္လက္ေဖာ္ျပ ေပးသြားပါမယ္။အားလံုးေတြးဆ ဆင္ျခင္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။   အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၄ ရဲ႕အေျဖမ်ား

1.    Is the water deep?Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 

2.    Do you know the way?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

3.    Can you swim?Yes, I can. / No, I can’t . 

4.    Does he come every day?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

5.    Is that Tom over there?Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

6.    Are you Tom’s brother?Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. 

7.    Must you go?Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t. 

8.    Are you enjoying yourselves?Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.

9.    Did he see you?Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

10.    Would £10 be enough?Yes, it would. / No, it wouldn’t.

11.    May I borrow your car? Yes, you may. / No, you mayn’t.

12.    Is this the front of the queue?Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

13.    Will she be there?Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.

14.    Do you play cards?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 

15.    Should I tell the police?Yes, you should. / No, you needn’t.

16.    Can you cook?Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

17.    Are you ready?Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. 

18.    Could women join the club? Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.

19.    Is your name Pitt?Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

20.    Were they frightened?Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

21.    Will his mother be there?Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.

 22.    Ought I to get a new one?Yes, you ought. / No, you oughtn’t.

23.    Should I tell him the truth?Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.

24.    Was the driver killed?Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. 

25.    Have you any money?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.

26.    Need we finish the exercise?Yes, we must. / No, we needn’t.

27.    Used he to ride in races?Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

28.    Would you like to see him? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.

29.    Is this yours?Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

30.    Do you want it?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

31.    Can I take it?Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

32.    Will you bring it back tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

33.    Are you free this evening?Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. 

34.    Am I in your way?Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.

35.    Need I wear a tie?Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 

36.    Was that Bill on the phone?Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 

Written by ဆူဒုိနင္ ္

English Self-Study Part-3 (English-Burmese)

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၃) သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ ေပးထားတဲ့ ၀ါက်ကို အတိတ္ကာလ ပံုသဏၭာန္ေျပာင္းရမွာ ပါ။ နမူနာ... She doesn’t need a new umbrella. လို႔ ေပးထားရင္ အေျဖက... She didn’t need a new umbrella. လို႔ ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ရမယ္ေနာ္။ လုပ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ၾကပါဦးစို႔။ 

Put the following verbs into the past tense. Use had to as the past tense of must and didn’t need as a past tense of needn’t. 

1. He isn’t working hard. 

2. She doesn’t like cats.

3. I can’t say anything. 

4. We must read it carefully. 

5. He won’t help us. 

6. He can lift it easily. 

7. It isn’t far from London. 

8. Isn’t it too heavy to carry? 

9. He needn’t pay at once. 

 10. He hopes that Tom will be there. (He hoped...) 

11. How much does this cost? 

12. He says that Ann may be there. (He said...) 

13. How old is he? 

14. Do you see any difference?

15. I do what I can. 

16. How far can you swim? 

17. I must change my shoes. 

 18. Tom dares not complain. 

19. I don’t dare (to) touch it. 

20. Have you time to do it? 

21. Are you frightened? 

22. Must you pay for it yourself? 

23. The letter needn’t be typed. 

24. We hope that he’ll come. (We hoped...) 

25. He says that she may not be in time. (He said that she...) 

26. Do you understand what he is saying? I don’t. 

27. There are accidents everv day at these crossroads. 

28. She thinks that it may cost £100. (She thought that it. . .) 

29. Doesn’t Mr Pitt know your address? 

30. They aren’t expecting me, are they? 

31. He thinks that the snakes may be dangerous. (see 28) 

32. She wants to know if she can borrow the car. (She wanted to know if . . .) 33. Can’t you manage on £100 a week? 

34. Tom is certain that he will win. 

35. Can you read the notice? No, I can’t. 

 36. I don’t think that the bull will attack us. အားလံုးေတြးဆ 

ဆင္ျခင္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၃ ရဲ႕ အေျဖမ်ား 

Put the following verbs into the past tense. Use had to as the past tense of must and didn’t need as a past tense of needn’t. 

1. He isn’t working hard. He wasn’t working hard. 

2. She doesn’t like cats. She didn’t like cats. 

3. I can’t say anything. I couldn’t say anything 

4. We must read it carefully. We had to read it carefully. 

5. He won’t help us. He wouldn’t help us. 

6. He can lift it easily. He can’t lift it easily. 

7. It isn’t far from London. It wasn’t far from London. 

8. Isn’t it too heavy to carry? Wasn’t it too heavy to carry? 

9. He needn’t pay at once. He didn’t need pay at once. 

10. He hopes that Tom will be there. (He hoped...) He hoped that Tom would be there. 

11. How much does this cost? How much did this cost? 12. He says that Ann may be there. (He said...) He said that Ann might be there. 

13. How old is he? How old was he? 

14. Do you see any difference? Did you see any difference? 

15. I do what I can. I did what I could. 

16. How far can you swim? How far could you swim? 

17. I must change my shoes. I had to change my shoes. 

18. Tom dares not complain. Tom did not dare complain. 

19. I don’t dare (to) touch it. I didn’t dare (to) touch it. 20. Have you time to do it? Had you time to do it? 

21. Are you frightened? Were you frightened? 

22. Must you pay for it yourself? Did you have to pay for it yourself? 

23. The letter needn’t be typed. The letter didn’t need be typed. 

24. We hope that he’ll come. (We hoped...) We hoped that he’d come. 

25. He says that she may not be in time. (He said that she...) He says that she might not be in time. 

26. Do you understand what he is saying? I don’t. Did you understand what he was saying? I didn’t. 

27. There are accidents every day at these crossroads. There were accidents every day at these crossroads. 

28. She thinks that it may cost £100. (She thought that it. . .) She thought that it might cost £100. 

29. Doesn’t Mr Pitt know your address? Didn’t Mr Pitt know your address? 

30. They aren’t expecting me, are they? They weren’t expecting me, are they? 

31. He thinks that the snakes may be dangerous. (see 28) He thought that the snakes might be dangerous. 

32. She wants to know if she can borrow the car. (She wanted to know if . . .) She wanted to know if she could borrow the car. 

33. Can’t you manage on £100 a week? Couldn’t you manage on £100 a week? 

34. Tom is certain that he will win. Tom was certain that he would win. 

35. Can you read the notice? No, I can’t. Could you read the notice? No, I couldn’t. 

36. I don’t think that the bull will attack us. I didn’t think that the bull would attack us.

English Self-Study Part-2 (Burmese & English)

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၂) သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၁) လို လြယ္လြယ္ ကူကူေလး အကူႀကိယာရဲ႕ ေနာက္မွာ not ထည့္႐ံု၊ ေမးခ်င္တဲ့အခါ အကူ ႀကိယာကို ၀ါက် ေရွ႕ဆံုးကိုပို႔၊ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ question mark ထည့္႐ံုနဲ႔ မၿပီးပါဘူး။ သာမန္ ႀကိယာမ်ားလိုdo/does/did ဆိုတာေတြနဲ႔ ဆီေလ်ာ္ေအာင္ တြဲၿပီး ျငင္းမွ၊ ေမးမွရမယ့္ ၀ါက် ေတြနဲ႔ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းပါ။ She needs a new umbrella. လို႔ ေပးထား ရင္ အေျဖေတြက...

(a) She doesn’t need a new umbrella.

(b) Doese she need a new umbrella? ဆိုၿပီး ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ရမယ္ေနာ္... ကဲ... လုပ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ၾကပါဦးစို႔။

Make the sentences
(a) negative and
(b) interrogative, using do/does/did.

1. They have eggs for breakfast.

2. He needs a new coat.

3. He used to sell fruit.

4. They have to work hard.

5. She does the housework.

6. He needs more money.

7. He had a row with his boss.

8. She had a heart attack.

9. Her hair needed cutting.

10. He does his homework after supper.

11. She has a singing lesson every week.

12. She had to make a speech.

13. He does his best.

14. He has to get up at six every day.

15. The children have dinner at school.

16. She dared him to climb it.

17. You did it on purpose.

18. He has his piano tuned regularly.

19. He dares to say that!

20. They had a good time.

21. The drink did him good.

22.My watch needs cleaning.

23.He had an accident.

24.You had your house painted.

25.She used to make her own clothes.

26.You do the exercises.

27.He had difficulty (in) getting a job.

28.He dared to interrupt the president.

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၂ ရဲ႕အေျဖမ်ား

1. They have eggs for breakfast. The do not have eggs for breakfast. Do they have eggs for breakfast?

2. He needs a new coat. He does not need a new coat. Does he need a new coat?

3. He used to sell fruit. He did not use to sell fruit. Did he use to sell fruit?

4. They have to work hard. The do not have to work hard. Do they have to work hard?

5. She does the housework. She does not do the housework. Does she do the housework?

6. He needs more money. He does not need more money. Does he need more money?

7. He had a row with his boss. He did not have a row with his boss. Did he have a row with his boss?

8. She had a heart attack. She did not have a heart attack. Did she have a heart attack?

9. Her hair needed cutting. Her hair did not need cutting? Did her hair need cutting?

10. He does his homework after supper. He does not do his homework after supper. Does he do his homework after supper?

11. She has a singing lesson every week. She does not have a singing lesson every week. Does she have a singing lesson every week?

12. She had to make a speech. She did not have to make a speech. Did she have to make a speech?

13. He does his best. He does not do his best. Does he do his best?

14. He has to get up at six every day. He does not have to get up at six every day. Does he have to get up at six every day?

15. The children have dinner at school. The children do not have dinner at school. Do the children have dinner at school?

16. She dared him to climb it. She did not dare him to climb it. Did she dare him to climb it?

17. You did it on purpose. You did not do it on purpose. Did you do it on purpose?

18. He has his piano tuned regularly. He does not have his piano tuned regularly. Does he have his piano tuned regularly?

19. He dares to say that! He does not dare to say that! Does he dare to say that?

20. They had a good time. They did not have a good time. Did they have a good time?

21. The drink did him good. The drink did not do him good. Did the drink do him good?

22. My watch needs cleaning. My watch does not need cleaning. Does my watch need cleaning?

23. He had an accident. He did not have an accident? Did he have an accident?

24. You had your house painted. You did not have your house painted. Did you have your house painted?

25. She used to make her own clothes. She did not use to make her own clothes. Did she used to make her own clothes?

26. You do the exercises. You do not do the exercises. Do you do the exercises?

27. He had difficulty (in) getting a job. He did not have difficulty (in) getting a job. Did he have difficulty (in) getting a job?

28. He dared to interrupt the president. He did not dare to interrupt the president. Did he dare to interrupt the president?

 ဆူဒိုနင္

The End of Eight Parts of Speech

 Eight Parts of Speech (၀ါစဂၤ ရွစ္မ်ဳိး) ကိုေလ႔လာၿကည္႔ရေအာင္

The Most Effective GrammarEight Parts of Speech(၀ါစဂၤ ရွစ္မ်ဳိး)

1. Noun (နာမ္) (N) What is Noun? Noun is Name. အမည္ဟူသမွ်ကုိ နာမ္

Eg. Mg Mg, Ma Hla, student, book, university, home, world etc.

 2. Pronoun (နာမ္စား) (Pron) Noun-substitute=နာမ္ေနရာတြင္ အစားသုံးေသာပုဒ္

Pronouns (နမ္စားမ်ား)Subjective Objective Adjective Possessive Reflexive

I Me My Mine Myself We Us Our Ours Ourselves You You Your Yours Yourself/lvesHe Him His His Himself She Her Her Hers Herself They Them Their Theirs ThemselvesIt It Its Its Itself

3. Adjective (နာမဝိေသသန) (Adj) Noun-modifier=နာမ္ကုိ အထူးျပဳေသာပုဒ္

Eg. Good, Clever, Handsome, Beautiful, Easy, Interesting etc.

4. Verb (ႀကိယာ) (V)Doing Word=အလုပ္လုပ္ေသာ စကားလုံး Eg. Am, Is, Are/ Was, Were (V . Be) Has, Have/ Had (V . Have) Do, Speak, Read, Think etc. (V . Do)

5. Adverb (ႀကိယာဝိေသသန) (Adv) Adjective, Adverb, Verb modifier= နာမဝိေသသန၊ ႀကိယာဝိေသသနအခ်င္းခ်င္း၊ ႀကိယာကုိ အထူးျပဳေသာ စကားလုံး 

(1) Adv-က Adj-ကုိ အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံံEg. This book is very (adv) good (adj). It was a rather (adv)difficult (adj) question.The answer is quite (adv) clear (adj).

(2) Adv- အခ်င္းခ်င္း အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံ Eg. I see him so(adv) often (adv). I am feeling quite (adv) well (adv) today. He walks very (adv) slowly (adv) . 

(3) Adv- က V- ကုိ အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံံ Eg. He speaks (v) quickly (adv). You should read (v) this book interestingly (adv). He explained (v) this point clearly (adv).

6. Preposition (ဝိဘတ္ (သုိ႔) ေရွ့ေဆာင္ပုဒ္) (Prepo) Relation word = ဆက္စပ္ေပးေသာ စကားလုံး Eg. In, On, At, To, From, With, Near etc.She is in the classroom.There is a book on the table.I get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.

7. Conjunction (စကားဆက္) (Conj) Joining word =ဆက္ေပးေသာ စကားလုံး

Eg. And, Or, but, Because, If, After etc.I went to a market and bought a notebook. You can take it or leave it. I did not go to school today because I was sick.

8. Interjection (အာေမဍိတ္) (Interj) Expressing the sudden emotion = ရုတ္တရက္ ခံစားခ်က္ကုိ ျမန္ျမန္ ဆန္ဆန္ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ျခင္း

Eg. Fine! Well done!Alas! ဒုကၡပါပဲ! Oh my God!

The End of Eight Parts of Speech

Posted by ashin manita

English Self-Study Part-1 (Burmese Version)

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း အကူႀကိယာ အေရာအေႏွာ အေျဖမ်ား Excercise 11 (Auxiliaries: Mixed) Fill each of the following gaps with a suitable auxiliary or auxiliary form. သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ နည္းနည္းေလး ခက္ခ်င္လို႔ တစ္ေၾကာင္းခ်င္း အတတ္ႏိုင္ဆံုး ျပန္ရွင္းေပးပါ့မယ္။ 

1. Schoolboy to friend: I left my book at home. Can/Could I share yours? (သည္၀ါက်မွာ ေက်ာင္းသား တစ္ေယာက္က သူငယ္ခ်င္းကို ေျပာတဲ့ စကားမို႔ သိပ္ယဥ္ ေက်းေနစရာ မလိုပါဘူး။ အခ်င္းခ်င္း ေျပာတဲ့ စကားမို႔ Can ကို သံုးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အခ်င္းခ်င္းေတာင္မွ ကိုယ့္ဘက္က ေဖ်ာင္း ေဖ်ာင္းဖ်ဖ်ေလး “မင့္စာအုပ္ကို အတူတူၾကည့္ပါ ရေစေနာ္” ဆိုတဲ့ ေလသံမ်ဳိးနဲ႔ ေျပာခ်င္တယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ Could ကို သံုးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။) 

 2. I’m taking swimming lessons. I hope to be able to swim by the end of the month. သည္မွာေတာ့ able to ဟာ verb to ‘be’နဲ႔သာ အစဥ္တစ္စိုက္ တြဲဖက္ရတာမို႔ ဆီေလ်ာ္တဲ့ verb to ‘be’ ကို ထည့္ရမွာပါ။ သည္၀ါက်မွာ အဲဒီ be ရဲ႕ ေရွ႕မွာ to ခံေနတာမို႔ အခုလို သံုးလိုက္ရတာပါပဲ။) 

3. You had better take off your wet shoes. (ဒါကိုေတာ့ အေသသာ မွတ္ထားပါ။ Had better + V1 အတြဲကိုပါပဲ။ V1ရင္ ေကာင္းမယ္၊ သင့္တယ္လို႔ ေျပာတဲ့ အခါမွာ အဲသလို သံုးပါတယ္။ ေကာင္းတာ တစ္ခုကhad ျဖစ္ေနတဲ့ အတြက္had ေရွ႕က ဘယ္လို လူအမည္၊ ဘယ္လို ပုဂၢလိက နာမ္စား ျဖစ္ေနေန ေျပာင္းလဲစရာ မလို had လို႔သာ တစ္သမတ္တည္း သံုးသြားလို႔ ရတာပါပဲ။ I’d better take a taxi. She’d better ask for advice. စသျဖင့္ေပါ့။ 

4. I’m sorry I’m late. I had to wait ages for a bus. (သည္မွာက ေနာက္က်တဲ့ အတြက္ ေတာင္းပန္စကား ေျပာတာပါ။ ေနာက္က်ရျခင္း အေၾကာင္းရင္းကို ေျပာတဲ့ အခါ ဘတ္စ္ကားကို ေသလုေအာင္ အၾကာႀကီး ေစာင့္ေနရလို႔ပါလို႔ အေၾကာင္းျပပါတယ္။ ဘတ္စ္ကား အၾကာႀကီး ေစာင့္ရတယ္ ဆိုတာ မလြဲမေသြ၊ မျဖစ္မေန၊ မလႊဲ သာလို႔ လုပ္ရတာ ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ အဲဒါေၾကာင့္ have to ကို သံုးပါတယ္။ သို႔ေသာ္ အဲဒီ ဘတ္စ္ကား ေစာင့္တဲ့ အလုပ္ကို ေစာေစာက လုပ္ခဲ့ရတာ။ အခု မဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ေစာင့္ၿပီးလို႔ လိုတဲ့ေနရာ ေရာက္လာလို႔ပဲ ခ်ိန္းထားတဲ့ သူကို ေတာင္းပန္ စကား ေျပာေနၿပီမို႔ အတိတ္ကာလ ျဖစ္သြားပါတယ္။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္had to လို႔ သံုးလိုက္တာပါပဲ။ သတိထား ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ ျမန္မာ စကားမွာက ကာလကို ထည့္ေျပာတဲ့ အက်င့္က မရိွဘူး။ အဲေတာ့ သည္လို ေနရာမ်ဳိးမွာ မွားတတ္ပါတယ္။) 

5. Teacher: You must (obligation မျဖစ္မေန) read the play, but you needn’t (no obligation မျဖစ္မေန မဟုတ္) read the preface. (ဒါကေတာ့ ရွင္းမယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ကြက္လပ္ေတြရဲ႕ ေနာက္မွာ ဘယ္လို သံုးရမယ္ ဆိုတာကို ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ေပးကတည္းက ထည့္ေရးထားၿပီးသားမို႔ ဘာေၾကာင့္ သည္အကူႀကိယာေတြ သံုးရတယ္ ဆိုတာ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလး ရွင္းေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။) 

6. I knew he was wrong but I didn’t dare (hadn’t the courage မရဲဘူးဆိုတဲ့ အဓိပၸာယ္) ) to tell him so. (သည္တစ္ပုဒ္လည္း အတူတူပါပဲ။) 

7. You’re getting fat. You ought/will have to cut down your beer drinking. (မင္း ၀လာၿပီ၊ ဘီယာျဖတ္ဖို႔ ေကာင္းေနၿပီေနာ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ၀ါက်ပါ။ သည္ေနရာမွာ ေျပာသူက အမိန္႔အာဏာ သံုးၿပီး ျဖတ္ခိုင္းေနတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ၀လာတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ အေျခအေနအရ လုပ္သင့္ လုပ္ထိုက္တာကို အၾကံ ျပဳလိုက္တဲ့ စကားပါ။ ျဖတ္တာ မျဖတ္တာေတာ့ မင့္သေဘာပဲ၊ သို႔ေပမယ့္ ျဖတ္သင့္ တယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အဓိပၸာယ္နဲ႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ ought to သို႔မဟုတ္ will have to ကို သံုးလိုက္တာပါ။ ဘယ္ဟာသံုးသံုး၊ အဆင္ ေျပပါတယ္။) 

 8. He used to smoke very heavily. Now he hardly smokes at all. (သည္မွာေတာ့ ဒုတိယ ၀ါက်ကို သတိ ထားရပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒုတိယ ၀ါက်က ပထမ၀ါက် အတြက္ အေျဖကို ေပးေနပါတယ္။“အခုေတာ့ သူ လံုးလံုး ေဆးလိပ္ မေသာက္သေလာက္ပဲ}လို႔ ဒုတိယ ၀ါက်က ဆိုပါတယ္။ သည္ေနရာ မွာလည္း hardly ကို သတိထား သင့္ပါတယ္။ သူ႕ရဲ႕ အနက္ အဓိပၸာယ္က not နဲ႔ ဆင္တာကို စြဲစြဲျမဲျမ ဲမွတ္သား ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။ အဲေတာ့ကာ အရင္ကေတာ့ သူ ေဆးလိပ္ တအားေသာက္တဲ့ အက်င့္ ရိွခဲ့ဖူးတယ္လို႔ ေျပာရတာမို႔ သည္ေနရာမွာ used to ကို သံုးလိုက္ရတာပါ။ အတိတ္တုန္းက လုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ အေလ့အထကို ေျပာတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။) 

9. The new motorway is to be opened this afternoon. (ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း အေပး ေစာသြားပါတယ္။ ကြၽန္ေတာ့္ကို ခြင့္လႊတ္ၾကပါ။ သည္ကိစၥကို မရွင္းရေသးပါဘူး။ အခု အေျဖေပးရင္း ရွင္းေပးပါ့မယ္။ တင္ကူး စီစဥ္ထားတာကို ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့ အခါVerb to ‘be’ + to + V1 ကို သံုးၾကပါတယ္။I’m to go to see the doctor. ဆိုရင္ ဆရာ၀န္နဲ႔ ေတြ႕ဖို႔ ခ်ိန္းထားတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ အနက္ ထြက္လာပါတယ္။They were to sit for the exams next month ဆိုရင္လည္း သူတို႔ေတြ ေနာက္လ စာေမးပြဲ ေျဖဖို႔ စီစဥ္ ထားတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ သေဘာပါ။ အခု ၀ါက်မွာေတာ့ ကေန႔ ေန႔ခင္းမွာ လမ္းသစ္ ဖြင့္မယ္လို႔ ေျပာတာပါ။ ဒါလည္း စီစဥ္ၿပီးသား ဆိုတဲ့ အနက္မ်ဳိးနဲ႔ ေျပာတာမို႔ is to be opened လို႔ သံုးလိုက္တာပါပဲ။ လမ္းက သူ႔ဘာသာ ထဖြင့္လို႔ မရ ပါဘူး။ လမ္းကို ဖြင့္ရမွာ၊ လူေတြက ဖြင့္ေပးရမွာမို႔ ကံေဟာ၀ါက် (PassiveVoice))နဲ႔ be opened လို႔ သံုးလိုက္တာပါပဲ။ ဒါကိုေတာ့ ေနာက္ပိုင္း Passive Voice အေၾကာင္း ေဆြးေႏြးတဲ့ အခါ က်ေတာ့မွ အေသးစိတ္ ထပ္ရွင္းေပးပါ့ မယ္။) 

10. I’ve come out without any money. Could you possibly lend me Kyats 5,000? (ငါ့မေတာ့ ပိုက္ဆံ ထည့္မလာခဲ့မိဘူး။ မင္းငါ့ကို ငါးေထာင္ေလာက္မ်ား ေခ်းႏိုင္မလားလို႔ ေျပာတာပါ။ ကိုယ္က လိုခ်င္တဲ့ သူမို႔ ေခ်ေခ်ငံငံ ေျပာ လိုက္တာလည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ Could ကိုသံုးလိုက္တာပါ။) 

11. Ann: Shall we meet at Maha Bandoola Garden? (သည္မွာေတာ့ မဟာဗႏၶဳလ ပန္းျခံမွာ တို႔ဆံုၾကမလားလို႔ ေျပာလိုက္တာပါ။ အနာဂတ္ အတြက္ဆို Shall we? ၊ ဆိုတဲ့ အသံုးေလးကို အေသမွတ္ထား သင့္ပါတယ္။ သြားၾကမလား ဆိုရင္ Shall we go? ၊ ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ ေန႔လယ္စာ အတူ စားၾက မလား ဆိုရင္ Shall we have lunch? ၊ ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။) 

12. Tom: It would be better to meet at the the theatre. We might miss one another at Maha Bandoola Garden. (ဒါက ေရွ႕က ၀ါက်နဲ႔ ခ်ိန္ထားတာပါ။ ႐ုပ္ရွင္ ႐ံုမွာပဲ ဆံုလိုက္ၾကရင္ ေကာင္းမယ္။ ပန္းျခံမွာ ဆိုရင္ လြဲခ်င္ လြဲေန ႏိုင္တယ္ေလလို႔ ေျပာတာပါ။ သည္မွာက်ေတာ့ အမွတ္စဥ္ သံုးကလို ့ had better နဲ႔ သံုးလို႔ မရဘူး။ မရဆို သူ႔အတြက္ ကတၱားက ပုဂၢလိက နာမ္စားျဖစ္တဲ့I, you, she, they etc. ေတြမွ မဟုတ္တာကိုး။ သည္မွာလည္း အဲသလို နာမ္စား မပါဘဲ V1 ရင္ ပို ေကာင္းမယ္လို႔ ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့ အခါ It would be better + V1 ကို သံုးရတယ္ လို႔ အေသ မွတ္ေပးၾကပါဦး။ ဒုတိယ ၀ါက်မွာေတာ့ ပန္းျခံမွာဆို လြဲခ်င္ လြဲသြား ႏိုင္တယ္၊ မလြဲခ်င္လည္း မလြဲဘူး ဆိုၿပီး မေရမရာေလး ေျပာတာမို႔ might ကို သံုးတာပါပဲ။) 

13. Would you like to come yachting with me next weekend? (လာမယ့္ စေန၊ တနဂၤေႏြက် မင္း ငါနဲ႔ ရြက္ေလွစီးဖို႔ လိုက္ခ်င္လားလို႔ ေမးတာပါ။ ဒါလည္း ေခ်ေခ်ငံငံေမးတာမို႔Would you like to? ၊ နဲ႔ သံုးလိုက္ တာပါ။ အေသ မွတ္ထားသင့္တဲ့ အတြဲပါပဲ။ ေကာ္ဖီ ေသာက္ခ်င္လားလို႔ ေမးခ်င္ရင္Would you like (to have) some coffee? ၊ သည္မွာ ေနခ်င္လား လို႔ ေမးခ်င္ရင္f Would you like to stay here? ၊ စသျဖင့္ လိုသလို သံုးသြားလို႔ ရပါတယ္။) 

 14. Yi Yi: I had to pay Kyats 500 for this little chap on the bus yesterday. (သည္၀ါက်ကေတာ့ အေျခအေန ၾကည့္ၿပီးhad ကို ထည့္လိုက္ ရတာ ပါပဲ။ မေန႔က ဘတ္စ္ကားေပၚမွာ သည္ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေလးကို ငါးရာေတာင္ ေပးခဲ့ရတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ၀ါက်ပါ။ ႀကိဳတင္ စီစဥ္ၿပီး ေပးတာေတာ့ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ မလႊဲသာလို႔ မျဖစ္မေန ေပးခဲ့ရတဲ့ သေဘာ သက္ေရာက္ ေနတာမို႔ ့had to ကို သံုးလိုက္တာပါပဲ။ အမွတ္စဥ္ ၄ ၊ အမွတ္စဥ္ ၇ တို႔နဲ႔ ယွဥ္ၾကည့္ ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။) 

15. Mo Mo: My little boy’s under three so I don’have/don’t need (No obligation. Use present tense.မျဖစ္မေန မဟုတ္။ ပစၥဳပၸန္ကာလအျဖစ္သာ သံုးပါ။) ) to pay for him. (ဒါကလည္း ရွင္းမယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ကြက္လပ္ေတြရဲ႕ ေနာက္မွာ ဘယ္လို သံုးရမယ္ ဆိုတာကို ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ေပးကတည္းက ထည့္ေရးထားၿပီး သားမို႔ ဘာေၾကာင့္ သည္အကူႀကိယာေတြ သံုးရတယ္ ဆိုတာ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလး ရွင္းေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။) 

16. The plane was to have landed (unfulfilled plan စီစဥ္သလို ျဖစ္မလာတာ) at Tada Oo, but it has been diverted to Nyaung-Oo. (အမွတ္စဥ္ ၉ အတြက္ ရွင္းလင္းခ်က္ကို ျပန္ဖတ္ ၾကည့္ေတာ္မူၾကေစ လိုပါတယ္။) 

17. You’ve spelt it wrong. There should/ought to be another ‘s’, (စာလံုးေပါင္း မွားေနတယ္။ ေနာက္ထပ္ s တစ္လံုး ပါသင့္တယ္လို႔ ေျပာလိုက္တာပါ။ထပ္ရွင္းစရာ မလိုေတာ့ဘူး ထင္လို႔ မရွင္း ေတာ့ပါဘူး။ တစ္ခုပဲ ရိွတယ္။ should ေနာက္မွာ to မလိုက္ေပမယ့္ ought ကေတာ့ ought to လို႔ သာ သံုးရတာေလးကို သတိထား ေစခ်င္ပါ တယ္။) 

18. You might/should have told me! (I’m disappointed that you didn’t tell me. မင္းေျပာမျပလို႔ က်ဳပ္မွာ အႀကီးအက်ယ္ စိတ္ အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ ျဖစ္ရတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ေလသံပါေအာင္ ေျပာရမွာ။ (မင္းငါ့ကို ေျပာျပခဲ့ဖို႔ သင့္တယ္လို႔ မၾကည္ မသာ ေျပာလိုက္တာပါ။ အခုမွ သိရလို႔ ေဒါပြ သြားတဲ့ အသံ ပါေနဖို႔ လိုတယ္ေလ။ သည္လို အခါမွာ အဲသလို သံုးတယ္လို႔သာ အေသမွတ္ ေပးၾကပါဦး။) 

19. We will have to take a taxi. Otherwise we’ll be late. (အငွားကားနဲ႔ သြားမွျဖစ္ေတာ့မယ္။ မဟုတ္ ရင္ ေနာက္က်ေတာ့မွာဆိုတဲ့ စကားပါ။ မျဖစ္မေန ငွားရေတာ့မယ့္ သေဘာ ေဆာင္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အခု ခ်က္ခ်င္းႀကီး မဟုတ္ဘဲ အဖ်င္းဆံုး စကားဆံုးသြားတဲ့ အခါ (၀ါ) အနာဂတ္ကာ လက်မွ မျဖစ္မေန လုပ္ရေတာ့မွာမို႔ will have to ကို သံုးပါတယ္။) 

 20. At the holiday camp we used to get up at six and bathe in the river. Then we would come back and cook an enormous breakfast. (routine actions ပံုမွန္ လုပ္ေနက် အလုပ္ေတြေနာ္။) (အပန္းေျဖ စခန္းမွာတုန္းက ပံုမွန္ လုပ္ေနက်ေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ အခု မဟုတ္ေတာ့ ပါဘူး။ used to အတြက္ အမွတ္စဥ္ ၈ နဲ႔ တြဲၾကည့္ ေစလိုပါတယ္။ အပန္းေျဖ စခန္းတုန္းက မနက္ဆို ၆ နာရီ ထၿပီး ျမစ္ထဲမွာ ေရဆင္းခ်ဳိး ေနက်။ ၿပီးရင္ေတာ့ ျပန္လာၾကမွာ ျဖစ္ၿပီး မနက္စာ တစ္ပံုႀကီး ခ်က္ၾကတယ္လို႔ ေျပာတာပါ။ ဒုတိယ၀ါက်မွာ “ျပန္လာၾကမွာ” ဆိုတဲ့ အနာဂတ္ကို သံုးထားတာ ျဖစ္တယ္။ သို႔ေသာ္ အဲဒီ အနာဂတ္က အပန္းေျဖ စခန္းတုန္းက အနာဂတ္၊ အခုအတြက္ အနာဂတ္ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘူး။ အတိတ္တုန္းက အနာဂတ္ေပါ့။ အဲဒါေၾကာင့္မို႔ would လိုက္တာပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္ ဘာသာ စကားက ဇယား ႐ႈပ္တယ္ဆိုတာ အဲဒါပါပဲ။ အနာဂတ္ေတာင္မွ အတိတ္ရဲ႕ အနာဂတ္ ရိွေနသလို အတိတ္မွာလည္း အနာဂတ္ရဲ႕ အတိတ္ ရိွေနတတ္တာမ်ဳိးက ကာလ သံုးပါး စလံုးကို သည္လိုပဲ အမွတ္တမဲ့ သံုးျဖစ္ ေနတတ္တဲ့ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ ေရႊေတြ အတြက္ နားမလည္ ခ်င္စရာ ျဖစ္ေန တတ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီ ကာလ ကိစၥေတြကိုလည္း ေနာက္ပိုင္း က်ေတာ့မွ က်က်နန ရွင္းလင္း ေဆြးေႏြးႏိုင္ေအာင္ ႀကိဳး စားသြားပါမယ္။) 

21. Tin Maung should know the address. (He probably knows.တင္ေမာင္ သိခ်င္ သိလိမ့္မယ္) (တင္ေမာင္ သိခ်င္သိမယ္၊ တစ္နည္းေျပာရင္ တင္ေမာင္ သိသင့္တယ္၊ သိသင့္တာက တျခား၊ သိခ်င္မွလည္း သိမွာက တျခားပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္should ကို သံုးတာပါ။) 

22. Tin Maung will know the address. (I’m sure that he knows. တင္ေမာင္ သိမယ္ဆိုတာ ေသခ်ာတယ္။) (သည္မွာေတာ့ တင္ေမာင္သိတာ ေသခ်ာ ေနတယ္လို႔ ေျပာခ်င္တဲ့ အတြက္ ႐ိုး႐ိုး will ကို သံုးလိုက္ျပန္ပါတယ္။ ဂ႐ုစိုက္ ေလ့လာေစခ်င္ ပါတယ္။ အမွတ္စဥ္ ၂၀ တုန္းက ေျပာခဲ့တဲ့ အတိုင္းပဲ။ အဂၤလိပ္ ဘာသာစကားက ဇယား ႐ႈပ္ပါတယ္။ ကိုယ့္မိခင္ ဘာသာစကား မဟုတ္တဲ့ အတြက္ တခ်ဳိ႕ဟာေတြက နားလည္ရ ခက္ခ်င္ ခက္ေနႏိုင္တာမို႔ ေသခ်ာေလး အာ႐ံုစိုက္ၿပီး မွတ္ႏိုင္ပါမွ တန္ကာက်မွာပါ။) 

23. I’ve lost my umbrella. I must have left it on the bus. (deduction ယူဆခ်က္) (ဒါကိုလည္း အေသသာ မွတ္လုိက္ပါေတာ့ ဗ်ာ။) 

24. Theatre regulations: At the end of the performance the public may (are permitted to ခြင့္ျပဳ သည္ဆိုတဲ့ အနက္နဲ႔) leave by all exit doors. (ဒါေတာ့ ရွင္းမယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။) 

25. If I were you I’d get a taxi. (ဒါကေတာ့ အေျခအေန အရ ေျပာတာပါ။ ငါသာ မင့္ေနရာမွာ ဆိုရင္ အငွားကား ငွားမိမယ္ ဆိုတာကို ေျပာတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ေလာေလာဆယ္ ေတာ့ သည္တိုင္းပဲ မွတ္လိုက္ပါဦး။ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ အခန္းက်ေတာ့မွ ဒါကိုလည္း အေသးစိတ္ ေက်လည္ ေအာင္ ေဆြးေႏြး သြားပါမယ္။) 

 26. Did you paint it yourself or did you have it painted? (သည္တစ္ပုဒ္မွာလည္း အမွတ္စဥ္ ၄ မွာ လိုပဲ ေတာင္းပန္စကား ဆိုရပါဦးမယ္။ ဇယား႐ႈပ္တဲ့ အဂၤလိပ္ ဘာသ စကားမွာ have + something + V3 ဆိုရင္ ကိုယ္တုိင္လုပ္တာ မဟုတ္ဘဲ တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က လုပ္ေပးတာကို ဆိုလိုတာပါ။ I have cut my hair. ဆိုရင္ ကြၽန္ေတာ့္ ဆံပင္ ညႇပ္ၿပီး ၿပီလို႔ ဆိုလိုတာ ျဖစ္ေပမယ့္ ကတ္သီးကတ္သတ္ ေျပာမယ္ဆို ကိုယ့္ဆံပင္ကို ကိုယ့္လက္နဲ႔ ကိုယ့္ဘာသာ ညႇပ္ရာ ေရာက္ပါတယ္။ သူမ်ားက ညႇပ္ေပး တာဆိုတဲ့ သေဘာနဲ႔ ေျပာခ်င္တယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာ့I have had my hair cut. လို႔ ျဖစ္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။ အခု ၀ါက်မွာလည္း ေဆးကို ကိုယ္တိုင္ သုတ္တာလား၊ တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က သုတ္ေပး ခဲ့တာလားလို႔ ေမးတာျဖစ္တဲ့ အတြက္Did you have it painted? ၊ ျဖစ္ေနတာပါပဲ။ အဲသလို ့have + something + V3 ကို သံုးတဲ့အခါ ဆက္စပ္ရာ ကာလနဲ႔ သံုးလို႔ ရပါတယ္။ အခု၀ါက်မွာ အတိတ္ကာလနဲ႔ သံုးထားသလို ေရွ႕က ဆံပင္ညႇပ္တဲ့ ၀ါက်မွာက်ေတာ့ ပစၥဳပၸန္မွာ ၿပီးေျမာက္မႈျပ ကာလ (Present Perfect Tense) နဲ႔ သံုးထားတာ ေတြ႕ရပါလိမ့္မယ္။ အလားတူပဲ သူ႔ကားကို တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္ကို ေဆးခိုင္း လိမ့္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အနာဂတ္ အတြက္ ဆိုရင္လည္းshe will have the car washed. လို႔ သံုးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။) 

27. You oughtn’t (negative သံုးရမွာေနာ္) to be driving so fast. There’s a speed limit here. (ေမာင္းရမယ့္မိုင္ႏႈန္း ကန္႔သတ္ခ်က္ ရိွေနတယ္။ သိပ္အျမန္ႀကီး မေမာင္းသင့္ဘူးလို႔ ေျပာတာပါ။ အမွတ္စဥ္ ၇ နဲ႔ ၁၇ တို႔နဲ႔ ယွဥ္ၿပီး ၾကည့္ေစခ်င္ ပါတယ္။) 

 28. You might (requestအေမတၱာရပ္ခံတဲ့ ေလသံ)H) get me some aspirin when you’re at the chemist’s. (ေမတၱာရပ္ခံတဲ့ ေလသံလို႔ ဆိုထားၿပီး ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ သည္လို သံုးတာကို သေဘာေပါက္မယ္လို႔ ယူဆပါတယ္။) အားလံုးေတြးဆ ဆင္ျခင္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။     

(ဖူးငံု မဂၢဇင္း - ဩဂုတ္၊ ၂၀၁၀) ဆူဒိုနင္

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