Zofate pawhin hrilhfiah ngai lo khawpa tlangnel tawh Sap thumal kan nei tam ta hle mai a, tun tuma economic sanction tih pawh hi kan tlangnel sa tawh a nih avangin kan hrilhfiah zau tawh lo mai ang a, a tawi thei ang bera sawi chuan, Civil Rights leh Human Rights ngai pawimawh lo leh International dan zawm duh lo ramte chunga hremna pek, ti mai ila kan fiah maiin ka ring.
North Korea leh Iran chunga US leh European Unions (EU) ten economic sanction an pek dante pawh kan hre hle tawh a, tun tumah erawh chuan Burma rama economic sanction kal zel dan tur leh Burma ram tihdanglam nan economic sanction hian awmzia a nei thei tak tak ang ngem tihte kan thlir ho dawn a ni.
Kum 1962 atang khan Burma ram chu sipai sawrkarna hnuaia awpbeh a ni a, sipai sawrkarin international dan a zawm duh loh avangin US leh EU-te chuan kum (10) chung zet economic sanction an pe tawh a, mahse vawin thleng hian Burma ram sawrkar hian international community-te nena thawh hova hmasawnna kawng zawh a tum chuang hauh lo a ni. Burma ram chunga economic sanction pek hian awmzia a neih loh chhan leh vang sawi tur tam tak awm mah se, Fiery Dragon: Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma tih lehkhabu ziaktu Australia Macquarie University-a economic professor Lean Turnell-a chuan, “Burma ram hian international level-a sawmdawnna a neih tlem em avangin Burma ram chunga economic sanction pek hian Burma economy a tihdanglamtheih em em a rinawm loh a ni,” tiin a sawi.
US leh EU-te chuan Burma rama sumdawnna leh investment siam lo turin ram dangte danbeh tum thin mah se Burma rama natural gas, tlawrthing tha, rangkachak leh lung man to tam tak a awm avangin non-sanction ramte chuan Burma rama thiltha awmte (natural resourse) chu an hamthatna atana hman an tum theuh si a ni.
A bik takin China, Thailand leh Singapore-te hian Burma sipai sawrkar nen sumdawnna thahnem tawk tak an nei a. Burma ram thenawm hnai ber Thailand phei chuan kawng engkimah Burma a rinchhan a, Burma tuifinriat atanga an lakchhuah natural gas leh hydroelectric-te pawh 80% vel lai a lei a, kum 2007 lam pawh khan khawnvartui leh gas maktaduai sanghnih (2,000) chuang man a lei bawk a, chuchuan a ram chhunga electric energy hmanchhuah zat 20% vel a phuhru thei a ni. China pawhin a ram chhunga Burma natural gas a lakluhtheih nan Burma sawrkarah cheng tam tak a pe a, tunah hian Burma tuifinriat thlanglam atanga China ram thlanglam thlenga natural gas lakluhna tur gas pipe line project an buaipui mek a ni.
Sipai sawtkarin khawnvartui leh gas atanga sum a lak luh zat leh a hmanchhuah lehna te chu tuma hriat a ni lova, mithiamte chhut dan chuan heng an cheng hmuh zawng zawng hi Nyi Pya Daw khawpui siamna atan te, Cyber City buatsaihna atan te leh nuclear ralthuam leina atana hman a ni.
Kum 2008 khan ram dang atanga Burma rama khawnvartui leh gas lakchhuahna atana investment an hman zat chu US$ maktaduai (474.3) a ni a, kum 2007-a investment aiin a bin thumin a tam zawk daih a ni. Kum 2006 lam kha chuan Oil and Gas-a foreign investment chu US$ maktaduai za sawmthum leh pali (134) chauh a la ni a. Oil and Gas atana investment siamtute zingah Britain-in US$maktaduai 178 a nei a, investment nei tam ber a ni. A dawttuah India a ni a, a pathumnaah Singapore a ni. Oil and Gas lakchhuahna atana bungrua supply-tute zingah Thailand-in US$maktaduai 16.22, Germany-in US$maktaduai 2.5 a nei a, sangha lama sumdawnnaah North Korea-in US$maktaduai 12 vel investment a nei bawk a, Real Eastate, Tourism, Transportation leh Energy lamah erawh chuan investment thar dang siam a awm hran lo, tiin Ministry of National Project & Development chuan a tarlang a ni.
US leh EU-te chuan Burma ram chunga economic sanction pek a, lung man to an zawrhchhuah theih loh nana ram hruaitute visa pekchhuah loh etc.. tiin dan eng emaw zam teuh mah se tunah pawh hian US based CHEVRON leh France based TOTAL company-te chuan Burma ramah sumdawnna nasa tak an siam a, a chhan chu international community-ten tun anga pressure an pek hmaa remtihna (contract agreement) an lo siam fel tawh vang a ni. France Ministry of Foreign Affairs-a Mr. Bemark Kouchner-a pawhin Burma ram chunga economic sanction pek a nih pawhin Burma tuifianriat chung atanga nitin gas barrel nuai sawm leh pasarih (170,000) lachhuaktu TOTAL Company chunga hremna pek a nih loh tur thu a sawi a, TOTAL thuneitute pawhin 1998 atanga remtihna (contract agreement) siam tawh an nih thu leh contract agreement thar siam leh an nih loh thu chu tanchhan atan an hmang ve tlat a ni.
Burma tuifinriat chunga Yadana Natural Gas Project-ah hian TOTAL, CHEVRON leh the Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) te an tel a, TOTAL hian join venture/share 31% a nei a, investment nei tam ber a ni. TOTAL in CNN-a report a pek dan chuan TOTAL in kum 2008 khan Burma sipai sawrkarah US$ maktaduai (250) chhiah (taxes) a pe a ni. CHEVRON hian engzat chiah nge investment a neih a, tax a pek tih hriat a ni lova, CNN-in phone leh email-a a zawh pawhin CNN chuan chhanletna engmah a dawng lo a ni. Amaherawhchu CHEVRON wedsite-in a tarlan dan chuan, “CHEVRON company atanga thil siamchhuahte atangin Burma mipui tam takten hamthatna leh hmasawnna tam tak an nei a, hlawkna tam tak an seng bawk a ni,” tiin a tarlang thung.
Heng company-te chhiah (taxes) pek dan leh pek zat chiah hi sawitheih mai a ni lova, join venture/share percentage (%) an neih tam leh tlem azirin an pe mai niin a lang. He Yadana Project atanga an lakchhuah natural gas 80% chu Thailand rama zawrchhuah a ni a, he gas hian Thailand rama electric energy hmanchhuah zat 20% vel a tihtlem phah a ni.
EU member zing atanga company thenkhatten Civil Rights leh Human Rights pawisa lo Burma rama investment an siam avangin EU pawhin mite dem leh sawisel a hlawh nasa hle a, mahse heng company-te hian remna leh muanna awm lo mah se gas leh oil awmna ram a nih phawt chuan investment an siam zel dawn tih a chiang a. EU President nihna chelh mek France ram atanga TOTAL-in Burma rama investment a siam avangin TOTAL chuan zawhna tam tak a dawng a, public affair hna chelhtu TOTAL Vice President Jean-Francois Lassalle-a erawh chuan, “Burma ramah hian hnathawh dan tha, sumdawn dan tha leh inawp dan tha inzirtir a, a ram mipuiten dik tak leh hlawk taka hnathawn dan an thiam nana kawng kawhhmuh hi kan tum lian ber chu a ni. Tunah pawh hian kan hnathawktute pawhin hlawkna leh hmasawnna tam tak an nei tawh a, Burma ramah pawh hian Europe khawmuala kan kepen dan ang thova, kepen zel kan tum a ni,” tiin mahni hmaifai nan a sawi ve thung a ni. TOTAL hian Burma ram hmun hrang hrangah damdawi a thlawnin a sem a, zirna lamah pawh tanpuina cheng tam tak a pe bawk a ni. Damdawiin leh fahrah naupangte enkawlna atan pawh tanpuina cheng tam tak a pe bawk a, TOTAL company-in a chhut dan chuan mi singnga (50,000) chuangten TOTAL atangin tanpuina leh hlawkna an dawng a ni.
Kan fiahtheih nan a hnuaiah hian Yadana Natural Gas Project-a investment neite hming list leh join venture/share (%) an neih zat kan tarlang ang a, chhinchhiah tumin i han thlir vang vang teh ang u.
Yadana Project Corporate Partners
1. TOTAL- 31% (France based)
2. CHEVRON- 28% (US based)
3. PTT (Petroleum Authority of Thailand)- 25%
4. .O.G.E (Myanmar Oil M and Gas Enterprise)-15% (En teh, i tuarna ve em! Heivang hi alawm mei a lo kal lo i tih fova, rei tak tak gas la tura Ni sa kara i nghah reng thin ni.)
Kan Burma ram hi natural gas, rangkachak leh lung man to tam em em na ram ni mah se Asia ram zinga ram rethei ber leh hnufual ber a ni a, tun hmaa Asia ram rethei bera kan ngaih Vietnam pawhin tax free a hawng a, investment siam turin ram tam tak a sawm a, tunah chuan Burma ram a khum nasa tawh hle a ni. Mithiamte chhut dan chuan Burma ram population maktaduai 65-te zingah 30% vel chuan nikhatah US$ 1 vel an hlawh thei a, rethei takin an la kahwsa a ni.
Burma ram chunga economic sanction siam hian Burma ram inawp dan a tidanglam dawn lo tih chu hun kal tawh leh kan hun tawn mek atanga thlirin a fiah mai a, economic sanction avanga kan ram hruiatute ni lova, a ram mipuite kan rethei telh telh zawk avang hian thlirtu tam tak chuan economic sanction pek ai mahin Burma ram hruaitute mimal bank accounts kharsak dan ngaihtuah hi thil pawimawh tak zawk niin an hmu.
Burma sipai sawarkar hruaitute chuan khawvel ram hrang hrangah overseas bank account tam tak an nei a, heng an bank accounts kharsak a nih hma chuan economic sanction hian awmzia a neih theih tak tak a rinawm loh a ni. Southeast Asia thlirtu mithiamte zinga non-profit Asia Society atanga Jamie Melzl-a chuan, “Burma ram hruaitute mimal bank accounts kharsak chu thil tha tak ni mah se Burma ram chhunga buaina rapthlak tak a chhuahtheih avangin kan fimkhur a tul hle dawn a ni. Hetianga Burma sipai sawrkar hruaitute mimal bank accounts kharsak kan tum tak tak a nih chuan Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) tanpuina nasa tak kan mamawh ang a, a bik takin Burma ram nena sumdawnna nei nasa ber Thailand leh Singapore-te tanpuina kan mamawh dawn a ni. Burma ram hruaitute chuan ram dang dangah an bank accounts sawn dan ngaihtuah mah se ASEAN member zing atanga a bik taka Thailand leh Singapore-te tanpuina kaltlanga an bank accounts kan khar thei a nih chuan engemaw chen chu thatna leh danglamna pawh a awm ngei a rinawm a ni,” tiin a sawi.
Amaherawhchu Burma ram thenawmthate leh ASEAN ten Burma ram chunga an thinlung put dan dik tak leh thiltih dante hi en ila, sipai sawrkar tihausa thur thurtu chu anmahni hi an ni tlat a, Burma ram chunga economic sanction pek ai mahin Burma ram nena sumdawnna tam tak siam a, Burma ram chhunga thiltha awm (natural resourse) zawng zawng thiarchhuah vek hi an tum a ni tlat a, chuvangchuan Burma ram chunga hian harsh diplomacy aiin soft diplomacy hman an thlang zawk dawn tih chu thil chiang sa a ni.
Heng zawng zawngte hi sipai sawrkarin mipuite hriat lova, a ruka a tih a nih avangin Orange Revolution-ah pawh khan Buddhist monk leh mipui tam tak an thih phah a, a ruka an thiltih zawng zawng hriatchhuah an hlauh avangin Nargis thlipui avanga mangangte tanpui tura lo kal lungpuite pawh kha an lo hnar vek a, hetiang khawpa mipuite mangannate hi khawnvartui leh gas duh avagnin China , Thailand leh India te chuan “pawi” tih thu pawh sawi lovin an ka an hupbet hmiah mai a ni. Chuvangchuan US, EU leh ASEAN-te chuah ni lovin khawvel ram zawng zawngten Burma zalenna atana tan an lak loh phawt chuan Burma ram chunga economic sanction tih fo hian engtikah mah awmzia a neih theih tak tak a rinawm lo a ni.
(NB: He article-ah hian a bik taka economic sanction leh Yadana Project chungchang chauh tarlan a ni a, a sei lutuk ka hlauh avangin Burma-China, Burma-India, Burma-Korea (Daewoo Internation), Burma-Russia-te indawrtawnna, The Shew Project leh ram ri sumdawnna (boarder trade) lam tarlan a ni lo.)
Soures:
Shew Gas Bulletin, June18, 2008, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Shew Gas Bulletin, June 21, 2008
CNN by Paulin Chiou, Hong Kong
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