St. Augustine-a chanchin

By: Joseph Saia (Australia) 

“We speak to God when we pray. God speaks to us when we read the Bible. Pray as though everything depended on God. Work as though everything depended on you.”  (St. Augustine)

Pope Boniface VIII (1230-1303) chuan kum 1298 khân Kristian mi ropuite hriat reng nân tiin ‘Doctor of the Church’ tih chawimawina ropui tak a buatsaih ṭan a. He chawimawina ropui tak hi vawiin thlengin kohhranten an inhlân chhâwng zêl a. Tîrhkoh Paula aṭanga chhiarin Kristian mi ropui sawmthum te hnêna hlan a ni tawh a. Khawthlang kohhranho zîngah pawh Kristiante chawimawina sâng ber a la ni fo. Augustine-a pawh hi Kristian hmasate hun laia chawimawina sâng ber ‘Doctor of the Early Church’ dawngte zînga mi ropui tak a ni a. Amah hi Kohhran hmasa Pate zînga thusawi thiam leh bishop hmingthang bera ngaih a ni bawk. 

Latin ṭawnga a hming chu ‘Aurelius Augutinus’ a ni a. Africa hmâr lama Hippo khaw bishop a nih avângin Augustine of Hippo tia koh a ni bawk. Pathian thu thiam (Theologian), mi fing (philosopher) leh lehkha ziaktu hmingthang tak mai a ni a. A lehkha ziahte chuan khawtlâng leh kohhran nasa takin a tihmasâwn a, khawthlang finna (philosophy) tam tak pawh a thuziaka innghatte an ni. A kutchhuak pahnih ‘Pathian Khawpui’ ‘The City of God’ leh ‘Inpuanna’ ‘Confessions’ tihte phei chu vawiin thlengin kohhran leh khawtlâng nun siam ṭhat nân a la ṭangkai hle a ni.

Kohhran hmasa Pate hun lai khân Pathian thu thiam leh bishop lâr tak a ni a. A rualpui Jerome-a pawhin mi fing leh lehkha thiam tak a nih thu sawiin a fak hle a ni. Platonism, Stoicism leh Neo-Platonism zirtîrnate chuan a nunah nghawng nasa tak a nei a. A bîk takin Plotinius-a te, Greek mi fing Cicero-a te, Aristotle-a te leh Virgil-a te thuziak chuan a nun an tidanglam nasa hle a. A.D. 387-a baptisma a chan hnu chuan philosophy leh theology chu ngawrh takin a zir chiang a. Khawngaihna leh mihring zalênna inkungkaih dân, sual bul lo inṭan dân leh tlûk hnua sualin mihring nuna hna a thawh dânte pawh chîk takin a chhui a. A chanchin chhuitute chuan Kohhran hmasa Pate zînga khawngaihna leh sual bul chhui nasa ber a ni an ti hial a ni.

Catholic leh Anglican kohhrante chuan mi thianghlim (Saint) Augustine-a tiin an ko va. Amah hriat rengna leh chawimawina Kût pawh a thih ni August ni 28-ah urhsûn takin an hmang thin a ni. Pathian khawngaihna leh chhandamna chungchâng a sawi tam tak chu kohhran siamṭhat (Protestant Reformation) hun lai khân a lâr hle a. 

John Calvin-a zirtîrna pawmtu (Calvinist) tam zâwk chuan a zirtîrna an thlâwp a. John Calvin-a zirtîrna tam tak pawh kha Augustine-a zirtîrnaa innghat te an ni. Eastern Orthodox kohhran pawhin Augustine-a chu ‘Blessed Augustine/St.Augustine the Blessed’ tiin an ko va. June 15-ah amah chawimawina Kût ropui takin an hmang ṭhin bawk.

Pian leh mûrna:

Augustine-a hi A.D. 354 khân Africa hmâr lam Numidia rama khaw pakhat Thagaste-ah a piang a. Thagaste khua hi Carthage khawpui nên pawh inhlat lo tak a ni a, he hmun hi tûnah chuan Algeria rama Souk Ahras tia koh a ni. A nu leh pate hi nihna leh mize inang lo tak mai an ni a, Augustine-a nunah pawh nghawng a nei lian hle a ni. A pa Patrick-a (Patricius) chu milem bia a nih bâkah pa thinchhe tak a ni a. A nupui chunga thinrim fo leh rinawm lo taka khawsa ṭhîn a ni a, a fapa Augustine-a pawh hian a chhûn fuh hle a ni. Patrick-a chu milem bia ni mah se, a theih dâwn ṭêpah a piangthar ve hlauh mai a, hetianga a piangthar ve ta hlauh hi thil mak tak a ni.

A nu Monica-i erawh chu Kristian chhûngkua aṭanga sei lian a ni a, Pathian ṭih leh ṭawngṭai mi tak a ni. Augustine-a naupan deuh lai aṭangin a nu chuan Pathian thute taima takin a zirtîr ṭhîn a, a lo upat huna Pathian rawngbâwltu ni tûrin Pathian hnênah a hlân fo ṭhîn. Beidawng lova a ṭawngṭaina avângin a fapa pawhin chhandamna a lo chang hial a. Pathian laka a rinawmzia leh ṭawngṭai a taihmâkzia chu mite hrilhfâk a tling a ni.

Zirna:

A pa hi zirna kawnga mi ṭhahnemngai leh urhsûn tak a ni a. Augustine-a pawh an awmna Thagaste khuaa school ṭha berah a dah a. Roman lehkha pawh nasa takin a zirtîr a. He school-ah hian nuam ti êm êm lo mah se, lehkhabu a ngainain Latin lehkhabu tam tak a chhiar a. Greek ṭawngte pawh uluk takin a zir bawk a. A nu Monica-i chuan Kristian ṭha tak a nih theih nân Pathian thu zirna kawngah ṭha takin a kaihruai a ni. 

Naupang tê a nih lai aṭangin baptisma chang tûrin a hming a lo dah diam tawh a. Amaherawhchu, tleirâwl a rawn nih chuan khawvêl thilah a inhmang ta zâwk a. A nuin inkhâwm tûra a tih pawhin phûr lo tak chungin Biak In a pan ve hrâm hrâm chauh va. Thuhriltu thusawi ngaihthlâk aiin a sîr vêla nula hmêlṭha tak tak lo melh kual vêl chu a nuam tih zâwng tak a ni.

Kum 11 mi a nihin an khua aṭanga mêl 19 zeta hla Numidia khuaa Madaurus school-ah Latin ziak leh chhiar a zir a. Hetih lai hian Augustine-a chuan thil rûk a chîng hle a. A tleirâwl hnu pawhin lepchiah taka khawsak a chîng bawk a, tleirâwl sual leh bawraw taka sawi a ni ṭhîn. Vawi khat chu a ṭhiante nên mi huana thei an ru a. Chutah chuan thil sual lian tak a ti tih a inhre ta a. Chu inhriatna chuan a nunah nasa takin thu a sawi a. Mahse, a thil tih ṭha lo tak chu engtia sima sut kian tûr nge tih a hre mai lo. Amah ngeiin he a thil tawn hi a nun pumpui sâwi danglamtu a nih thu a hnuah a sawi leh nghe nghe a ni.

Kum 17 a lo nih chuan thu sawi leh ziak thiam zirna lam (Rhetoric) zir tûrin Africa khawpui Carthage-ah a kal a. Chutah chuan Greek mi fing Plato-a thuril (Philosophy) leh Cicero-an Latin ṭawnga a ziah (Hortensius) thu ropui tak takte a zir a. Chûng a thil zirte chuan a rilru an hnehin a ngaihtuahna thleng an tidanglam vek a. Chutianga zirna ngawrh taka a beih lai chuan hmeichhe tleirâwl kum sawm leh pakhat mi nên innei si lovin hun rei tak an chêng dûn a. Beisei loh takin fapa duhawm tak Adeodatus-a an nei a. A hming awmzia chu ‘Pathian thilthlâwnpêk’ tihna a ni. 

Augustine-a pianthar hnu chuan a fapa Adeodatus-a pawh kum 17 mi lai a lo ni hman tawh a. A.D. 389 khân Augustine-a te nupa chu an inṭhen fel a. Chumi hnu chuan Cicero-a lehkha ziakte chu nasa takin a zir zawm a. Sakhuana leh khawtlâng nun siam ṭhatna kawnga Cicero-a ngaih dânte chuan ngaihtuahna thui tak a siamsak a. “Cicero-a thuziakte hi hmathlîr thui tak min siamsaktu a ni e”, tiin a sawi nghe nghe a ni. 

Greek finna a zir nasat lutuk avângin Bible pawh a hnâwl phah hial a. A hnuah phei chuan ‘Manichaen’ an tih sakhaw pâwlho a zawm ta daih a. A nu Monica-i chuan Manichaenism zirtîrna a vuan tih a hriatin pawi a ti hle a, Kristian zirtîrna a pawm leh theih nân bâng lovin a ṭawngṭai ta ngawt mai a ni. He pâwlah hian kum sawm chhûng hun hmangin an zirtîrna a zui a. Kristiante chu hmusitin thurin chungchângah pawh pawh vawi duai lo an inhnial a. Mahse, Augustine-a chuan dik leh ṭha bera a ngaih Manichaenism zirtîrnaah chuan rilru hlimna leh thlamuanna tak tak a hmu zo lo. Vawi khat chu a ṭawngṭai lai takin a chhûngrîl lamah buai rûkna a nei tlat mai a. A buaina chin fel mai dân tûr a hriat loh avângin a beidawng hle mai a, a nun chu a chau ngawih ngawih mai a ni. 

Kum sawm chhûng zet Carthage khuaa lehkha a zir hnu chuan an khua Tahagaste-ah a kir leh a. Rei pawh châm lovin Rom khawpui Italy-ah insawnin A.D. 383 khân  school a hawng a. Zirlaiten fee pe ṭha duh lova tlan bo daih an chîn avângin a beidawng hle a, a tum ang chuan a hlawhtling lêm lo. Chutia beidawng taka a awm lai chuan Manichaenism zirtîrna vuantu a ṭhianten Rom khawpuia mi thiltithei tak Symmachus-an Milan khuaa thusawi leh ziak lam (Rhetoric) zirtîrtu (Professor) tûr a mamawh thu an hrilh a. Chu hna chu a tâna hamṭhatna kawng rawn inhawng nia a hriat avângin A.D. 384 khân  Milan khuaah a insawn ta a. A tâna ṭawngṭai fotu a nu, a ngaihzâwng leh a fapa ten an zui bawk a. Milan khuaah hian a nuin Augustine-a leh a ngaihzâwng chu tlâng hriata inneihtîr a tum a. Augustine-a hian hmangaihin duh ve hle mah se, hmei anga hun rei tak a lo khawsakpui tawh chu a nupui dik tak ang hiala a lo en tawh avângin tlâng hriata neih kher ṭûlin a hre lo va. A chanchin ziahna bu Confession-ah pawh a hmangaihzia a thai lang nghe nghe a ni.

Kum 30 a lo nih meuh chuan a thiamna leh finna chu Latin khawvêla hriat a lo ni ta a. Rom leh Milan khaw mi hausa leh mi challang deuhte chuan zirtîrtu atân an ruai huai huai a. Politics lamah pawh mi hriat hlawhin sawrkâr palai (Governor) hial nih a tum ta a. A ngaihzâwng pawh Carthage khaw lama thawn haw a, tleirâwl ngaihzâwng dang neih leh a tum a. Mahse, chhûngril hlimna leh thlamuanna rêng rêng a nei thei lo. Carthage-a a awm lai hian Manichaen bishop Faustus-a nên thurin chungchângah an intithiam lo va. An thu kalpui dân a inpersan avângin Manichaeism pâwlte chu a chhuahsan a. ‘New Academy Movement’ pâwlte zâwmin ‘Scepticism’ rinna a vuan ta a. A nu Monica-i erawh chuan Kristianna zui tûrin nasa takin a fuih thung a. ‘Neoplatonism’ zirtîrna a lo zui tawh avângin Kristianna chu nghet takin vuan lo mah se, a hmêlhriat ṭha tawh hle a ni.

A pian thar dân:

Philosophy, dân thuziak leh mi mal chanchinte chhiar nuam a ti hle a. Athanasius-a ziak ‘Life of Saint Antony’ tih a chhiar aṭangin a nun a danglam a. Amaherawhchu, chhûngrila Pathian hriatna leh thlamuanna erawh a nei tak tak lo va. A zirna leh a thiamnate chuan nun hlimna tak tak an pe thei chuang rêng rêng lo.

Ambrose-a chu Milan khuaa thu leh hla leh thusawi lama mi thiam hmingthang a ni a. A thusawi leh zirtîrnate a ngaithlâk hnu chuan a nun pawh nasa takin a danglam a. Ni khat chu Milan khua hmun hrang hrang a fan kual laiin kutdawh mi hlim thei tak mai hi a tâwk thut mai a. Chu kutdawh chuan Augustine-a chu a lo nuih ver ver a. Augustine-a chuan a rilruin, “He kutdawh hian ka neih ve theih miah loh hlimna leh lâwmna a nei tlat a ni”, a ti a. Biak Ina Milan bishop Ambrose thusawi a ngaihthlâk lai chuan rilru lama a buai rûkna tak sual bul chungchâng, ramhuai hnathawhte leh Isua nihna mize dik tak a pawh fuh ta a. A thuril (Philosophy) zirte leh Bible a zir tawhte chu khaikhinin Tîrhkoh Paula thuziak aṭang chuan a buaina ching fel tûra chhânna ṭha tak mai a hmu chhuak ta a ni.

Ni khat chu huana a awm laiin a sualzia te, a nun bawlhhlawhzia te leh ṭhatna rêng a neih lohzia te a ngaihtuah a. “Lalpa enga ti nge ka sual hi lâk bova a awm theih loh ni. Eng anga rei nge ka sual zêl dâwn ni?” tia ṭawngṭaiin lungchhe takin a ṭap ta zawih zawih a. Chutih lai tak chuan hmeichhe naupang aw ni âwm tak hian, “Augustine, Bible kha la la, chhiar rawh”, (Latin; Tolle, Lege) a rawn ti a. Augustine-a pawh chuan Bible chu rang takin a la a. A rilru zawng zawngin ṭawngṭaina nên a chhiar ta a. Rom 13:13-14 thu, “Chhûna awm angin mawi takin i awm ang u, zu rui buai leh zu ruia awm lovin, hur leh inngaih hmanga awm lovin, Lal Isua Krista chuan inthuam zâwk ulang, in tisa châkna puitlin tûrin eng mah insiam suh u”, tih chu a chhiar fuh hlauh mai a. He thu a chhiar aṭang hian a thlarau mit tihvâra awmin a nun pum pui chu Krista hnênah a hlân ta a. A nu ṭawngṭaina pawh chu a takin a lo hlawhtling ta a ni. 

Augusine-a chuan Rom bung 12 aṭanga bung 15 thleng uluk takin a chhiar nawn leh a. Hêng bung leh chângte hi ringtute nun tidanglamtu a nih avângin ‘Transformation of Believers’ tiin a vuah nghe nghe a ni. Chutih lai chuan Augustine-a chu kum 32 mi lai a ni tawh a, A.D. 387 Easter Vigil ni ngeiah Milan bishop Ambrose-an a fapa Adeodatus-a nên a baptis a. A kum leh A.D. 388 chuan a zirlai zînga pawimawh tak ‘Apology’ subject chu a zo fel ta a. A pology subject-a a thlur ber chu ‘On the Holiness of the Catholic Church’ chungchâng a ni.

Bishop of Hippo tia koh a ni ta:

A zirlai a zawh fel hnu chuan Milan khuaa a hnate chu kalsanin a fapa Adeodatus-a leh a chhûngte nên an khua Thagaste panin an haw leh ta a. Kawnga an la thang mêk laiin a tâna bâng lova ṭawngṭaisaktu a nu Monica-i boral thu a hre hlauh mai a. A rilru a nain a tuar thiam lo hle a, a sûn nasatzia entîr nân a thusawi zînga boral tawh lo tûr he thu ropui tak hi a sawi chhuak ta nghe nghe a; “Ka nu hi tûnhma lam khân lo hre chiang ni ila chuan hmânah khân Lalpa ka lo fak tawh tûr. Khawnge, Nu hi min han pe teh u. Anmahni hmangin khawvêl hi ka han tidanglam teh ang,” tiin. 

In an thlen hnu rei vak lovah a fapa Adeodatus-a pawh a boral leh ta mai a. Chu thihna râpthlâk tak chuan a nun a nghawng nasa hle a. Lungngaihna leh manganna aṭanga Pathian a hnaih dân chu a lehkhabu ‘Confession’-ah kimchang takin a ziak a. A nu leh a fapa an boral hnu chuan khaw chhûng rorêltuten an chhûngkaw ro an sem a. Augustine-a hian an chhûngkaw inpui tih loh an rosum zawng zawng chu mi retheite hnênah a sem ral vek a ni.

A.D. 391-ah Hippo Regius khua a tlawh a. (He hmun hi tûnah chuan Annaba, Algeria tia koh a ni) Chutah chuan nupui nei lo tûra mi inserh hrang puithiamte a va zâwm a. Kum thum hnuah puithiam atân nemngheh a ni. Hippo bishop Valerius-a chuan Augustine-a chu amah puitu atân a awt hle a. A sâwmna leh ngenna angin A.D. 395 khân Augustine-a chu Hippo bishop puitlinga nemngheh a ni a; chuta ṭang chuan ‘Augustine of Hippo’ tih hming hi Augustine-a chuan a thih thlengin a pu hlen ta a ni. 

Bishop a nih hnu chuan a neih rosum zawng zawng chu Thagaste khua leh tuite hnênah a pe vek a. A hun zawng zawng rawngbâwl nân leh mi rethei ṭanpui nân a hmang a. Hetianga bishop a nih hnu hian a nun pawh nasa takin a danglam a, a pindan kawngkhâr chungah pawh, “Mi dangte ṭhat lohna rêng rêng sawi suh,” tih lehkha lian tak a târ kuau mai a ni.

Ṭawngṭaina chu a ngai pawimawh mai ni lovin amah ngei a chhûn a zânin a ṭawngṭai a. A ṭhat lai leh vânglai hun zawng zawnga Chhandamtu Lalpa a lo hre lo chu pawi a tih ber a ni a. A ṭawngṭainaah pawh, “Lalpa, ka va’n hmangaih har tak che êm!” tih hi a chham fo thin. Hippo khuaa chêng zawng zawngte chu Kristian mi ṭha tak an nih theih nân theihtâwp a chhuah a. Harsatna leh dona chi hrang hrang kârah huai takin Chanchin Ṭha a hril a. Kristiante thurin pawh nasa takin a humhalh zêl bawk a. Hetianga a thil tih leh rawngbâwlna zawng zawng hi a ṭhian Possidius-a’n a lehkhabu ‘Sancti Auigustini Vita’-ah fel taka ziakin a lo chhinchhiah thlap a. He thuziak aṭang hian a rawngbâwlna leh thil tih tam tak kan hriat theih phah a ni.

A sûlhnu leh kutchhuakte:

Africa hmâr lama an khawpui ber chu Carthage a ni a, a dawttu chu Hippo hi a ni. A hun laia lehkha thiam bishop a ni a. Nun thianghlim leh nun uluk taka hmang mi a nih avângin a hming pawh a lâr hle. A thupui ber chu Chanchin Ṭha hril, kohhran enkawl leh rinna dik lo pâwlte laka Chanchin Ṭha humhim a ni. ‘Confessions’ tih lehkhabu ropui tak a ziah chu bishop a thawh hmasak ber kum A.D. 400 khân tlângzarh a ni a. Ama chanchin kimchang; Pathian a tawh dân te, Pathian dân zâwm si lova Pathian malsawmna dawn a lo tum nasatzia te, a tâna a nu ṭawngṭai nasatzia te, Milan khua a chhuahsan hnu lawka a nu boral thuin a den dân te leh a mi mal nun danglam dânte pawh kimchang takin a ziak vek a. 

A kutchhuak zînga ropui ber leh lâr ber chu A.D. 413-426 chhûnga a ziah Pathian Khawpui (The City of God) tih hi a ni. He lehkhabu hi lehkhabu 22 inhlâwm khâwm, kum 14 chhûng meuh hun hmanga a ziah a ni a. A tam zâwk chu Sam bu tlawhchhana a ziahte an ni. He lehkhbuah hian khawvêl ram ropui tak takte leh Pathian khawpui inan lohna te, Kohhran leh sawrkâr (The Church and State) danglamnate leh a thuril (Philosophy) chhui dân zawng zawng a târ lang a. Khawvêl khawpuite chu chaponaa din, sual leh bawlhhlawha khat a nih avângin boral leh vek tûr an ni a, Pathian khawpui erawh hmangaihna leh lainatnaa khat, chatuana awm reng tûr a nihzia te pawh chiang takin a târ lang bawk a ni. He lehkhabu hian mi tam tak rilru a khawih hle a, kohhran siam ṭhat hun laia a meizanghlaptu ber Martin Luther-a pawh khân  Augustine-a thuziak nên inzûl takin Lalram Pahnih (Two Kingdom) tih a ziak a. Hêngte hian khawvêl leh Pathian thil danglamna te, tisa leh thlarau lam thil inan lohnate an tifiah hle a ni. Augustin-a’n a lehkhabu a peih fel hnu A.D. 410 khân Rom khawpui chu German hnam zînga mi kawlh ber Goths (Visigoths) hovin an rûn a. A tâwpah Rom khawpui chu Goths-ho kutah a tluchhe ta rup mai a. He thil thleng hian Augustine-a lehkhabu ‘Pathian Khawpui’ tih chu a tihlu lehzual a ni. 

Alexandria presbyter Arius-a zirtîrna te, Africa hmar lama Berber an tih Donatists-ho zirtîrna te, Pelagius-a zirtîrna te leh Manichaeans-ho zirtîrna te chuan nasa takin Kohhran a chawk buai a. Chûng zirtîrna leh rinna dik lo laka Kristian thurin humhalhna lehkhabu a ziah ‘Apologetic’ chu lehkhabu ropui tak a tling a. ‘On Christian Doctrine’ (De Doctrina Christiana) tih pawh Kristiante tâna theology lehkhabu pawimawh tak a ni bawk. Bible hrilhfiahna (Commentary) a ziah zîngah Genesis, Sam leh Rom hrilhfiahna te chu Kristiante tâna rohlu a tling a. Pathian pakhata mi pathum sawi fiahna lehkhabu ‘On the Trinity’ tih a ziah phei chu ‘Psychological analogy’ tiin an ko hial a ni. A lehkhabu ziah zînga chhinchhiah tlâk tak chu ‘On Free Choice of the Will’ (De libero arbitrio) a ni a. “Pathian hian eng vâng nge sual tih nâna mihring duhthlanna zalên a pêk ni?” tih zawhna leh chhânna ropui tak a ni bawk.

‘On the Spirit and the Letter’ tih leh ‘On Nature and Grace’ tih lehkhabu chu zirtîrna dik lo chhân lêt nân a ziak a. Hun rei tak aṭanga thurin nghet tak anga a lo pawm tawh mihring felna avânga thiamchantîrna thurin chu hnâwlin sual bawia kum rei tak a lo tân dân te, Pathian khawngaihna mak a lo chan dân te leh thlarau lama zalênna a lo neih lohzia te chu târ langin do tute do lêt nân a hmang a. Bishop hna kum sawmthum leh panga a thawh chhûngin thurin bu za chuang a ziak a. Zirtîrna dik lo pâwl nga meuh a hnâwl fithla bawk a. Chu vâng chuan Tîrhkoh Paula hnua Chanchin Ṭha humhimtu (Defender of the Gospel) ropui taka chhiar a ni a. Protentant kohhran zînga khawngaihna Chanchin Ṭha (Doctrine of Grace) puangzâr nasa bertu a ni bawk a ni. 

Theology leh Philosophy a kalpui dân:

Augustine-a hi Kohhran hmasa Pate zînga mi lâr ber leh Pathian thu chhuinaa sûlhnu ngah ber pâwl a ni a. Theology leh Philosophy a sawi fiah dânte pawh a chipchiar hle a ni. A tleirâwl aṭanga Philosophy tui mi a nih dânte leh chu a zirna aṭanga thutak hmu chhuak mai tûra a inngaihna te chu a lehkhabu ‘Confession’ ah chipchiar takin a târ lang. Bible chu Pathian thutak a ni tih pawm thlap mah se, Pathian thu har zual chu Philosophy hmangin a hrilhfiah ṭhîn a ni. Rinna chungchâng a sawinaah pawh rinna chu thil pawimawh ber leh a hmasa tûr a ni a. Mahse, rinna chu ngaihtuahna (reason) tel lo chuan a famkim lo va, rinna chu hriatna (knowledge) zawng zawng innghahna niin a ngai a. Rinna (faith) leh rinna innghahna (trust) hi thuhmun reng niin a sawi a. Mi tak takin rinna leh rinthu (gullibility) inang renga an dah chu dik hlelin a hria a. Rinna chu rinnaa innghahna hian a zui ngei ngei tûr a ni a ti bawk.

Kohhran hmasa Pate zînga Tertullian-a nên thurin chungchângah an ngaih dân a inpersan hle a. Tertulian-a chuan Pathian inpuanna aṭanga amah Isua rin mai chu tawk hlein a hria a. Pathian inpuannaah hian philosophy hian ṭangkaina a nei lo a ti a . Augustine-a erawh chuan Pathianin mihring a siam khân a chhia leh ṭha hre thiam tûra Amah ang taka a siam a nih avângin mihring chu thutak hre thiam thei tûra finna neia siam a ni a; amaherawhchu, ngaihtuahna aiin rinna chu a hmasa zâwk ngei ngei tûr a ni a ti.

Augustine-a chuan Pathian khawngaihna avâng chauha chhandam a ni tih a inhre chiang a. Pathian khawngaihna rinchhana a hnêna tlûk luh tlat chu a theology kalpui dân a ni. Khawngaihna Thurin (Doctrine of Grace) chu kohhran thurin laipui ber a ni tih sawiin Pelagius-a zirtîrna dik lo chu nasa takin a do va. Chu vâng chuan mi tam takin ‘Kohhran pa ber’ tiin an ko hial a ni. 

Pelagius-a chuan, “Mihring hi a tîr takah chuan ṭha famkim a ni a, dik tak leh fel taka a nun phawt chuan nun thianghlim a nei thei a ni. Mihring hi sual sa rênga piang a nih loh avângin a thlarau chhandamna atân Pathian khawngaihna a mamawh hran lo va, mihring thlarau chhandamna atân Pathian khawngaihna kan rin chhan dâwn a nih chuan mihringin zalên taka duh a thlan theihna (Free will/free choice) te hi kan hnâwl pumhlûm tihna a ni”, tiin a zirtîr a. Augustine-a chuan Evi leh Adama te suala an tlûk khân an chhia leh ṭha hriatna chu tihchhiatin a awm a. An duhthlanna zalên pawh tihchhiat vek a ni bawk a. Chu vâng tak chuan mihringin ama chakna hmangin eng mah tihtheih a nei lo va, Amah Pathian khawngaihnaa innghah mai chu a tih theih awm chhun a ni a ti thung.

Augustine-a’n sual bul (Doctrine of Original Sin) chungchâng a sawi chu Kohhran hmasa Pate zînga a tam zâwkin an thlâwp a. Carthage Council (418), Ephesus Council (431), Orange Council (529) leh Trent Council (1546)-ah te nemngheh a ni. Roman Catholic pope zîngah pawh Pope Innocent I (401-417), Pope Zosimus (417-418) te pawhin an thlâwp a. Anselm of Canterbury leh kohhran siam ṭhat hun laia Martin Luther-a leh John Calvin-a te pawhin an thlâwp hle a ni. Augustine-a chuan Pathianin leilung pian hma aṭang rêngin mi ṭhenkhat thiamchantîr tûr leh mi ṭhenkhat ânchhe dawng sa rênga piang tûrin a ruat lâwk a ni tih thurin (predestination) chu a pawm thlap a. Pathian khawngaihna chu mihringin a duh vâng leh thlan vâng ni lovin, a phu vâng rêng (Not based on man’s merit or will) ni hek lovin Pathianin khawvêl pian hma aṭanga a hriat lâwk tawh anga a chatuan remruat a nih avângin mihringin chu chu lo hnâwl (irresitable) theih a ni lo va, lo dan beh theih a ni hek lo. Chu chhandamna tling khawngaihna (saving grace) chu mihringin hnâwl theih a nih loh avângin Pathianin a hun taka Amah hriatna dik neihtîrin an nun a tidanglam (coversion) a. Chu khawngaihna thilthlâwnpêk chu mihringin hnâwl tumin tlûksan mah se, Pathian hriat lâwk (foreknowledge) an nih avângin an chhandamna erawh bo thei a ni tawh lo va, chatuan thlengin a humhim zêl (perseverance) dâwn a ni tih chu a zirtîrna laimu a ni.

Augustine-a hian mihring duhthlanna hi a hnâwl fithla hmiah a ni lo va. Mihringin duh a thlan avânga khawngaihna leh chhandamna chang ni lovin Pathianin a hriat lâwk anga a kohte chuan chhandamna tling khawngaihna chu thlang thei tûrin rinna zalên a pe zâwk a ni. Chu pawh chu mihring duhthlannaa innghat ni lovin Pathian hriatna famkim (God’s perfect knowledge)-a innghat zâwk a ni a ti.

A hun hnuhnûng leh a thih dân:

A thih hmain German hnam kawlh tak Vandals-ho chuan Roman Empire chhûnga Africa ram an rûn a. An awp behna hnuaia awmte chu Arius-a zirtîrna (Arianism) an pawm luihtîr a. Vandals-ho chuan A.D. 430 khân Hippo khua an rûn bawk a. Hetih hun lai hian Augustine-a chu nasa takin a dam lo va. A ṭhian rinchhan ber Possidius-a chuan a chhûn a zânin a awmpui a. A thih dâwnin sual sima inchhîrin a ṭawngṭai a. Davida ziah Sam bu, a pindan kawngkhâr chunga a khai chu ni tin a chhiar thin a. Hippo kohhran library-a a kutchhuak leh lehkhabu awm zawng zawng pawh fel tak leh ṭha taka vawng tûrin a chah bawk a.

Pathian tâna mi huaisen Augustine-a chu Hippo khaw bishop hnuhnûng ber niin A.D. 430, August ni 28 khân a thi a. A ruang chu Ciel d’Oro, San Pietro, Pavia, Italy-ah an zalh a. A thih hnu kâr lovah Vandals-ho pawhin Hippo khua an chhuahsan a. Ama chênna in (Cathedral) leh a library tih loh chu an hâl vek a. Hippo khua chu ṭahna hmunah a chang ta a ni.

A zirtîrna thlâwptute:

Augustine-a’n sual bul chungchâng a sawi dân leh zirtîrnate chu Thomas Aquinas-a khân a thlâwp hle a. Khawngaihna chungchâng a sawi dânte pawh Bernard of Clairvaux-a leh Reformation theologian Martin Luther-a leh John Calvin-a te khân an thlâwp hle a ni. Mihring duhthlanna a chhui dânah a chipchiarin a thu kalpui dânte pawh a hnua philosopher Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard leh Nietzshe ten an thlâwp a. Hun chungchâng a sawi dân pawh philosopher Bertrand Russel-a leh Immanuel Kant-a ten an thlâwp bawk. Augustine-a’n Pathian a chhui zêl dânah chuan Pathian chu khawvêl pâwn lam, khawvêl hunin a khuahkhirh ve loh, kumkhuaa ‘Awm’ reng a ni a,  hun bi neite erawh chu khawvêl leh a chhûnga thilsiamte tân chauhva awm a ni tih a sawi bawk.

Augustine-a zirtîrna chuan modern theologian-te a fan hneh hle a. Kum zabi 20-na chhûnga political theorist John Piper-a leh Hannah Arendt-i te pawhin a chanchin nasa takin an chhui a. Hannah-i phei chuan Augustine philosophy chhuiin ‘Doctoral Dessertation’ a ziak nghe nghe a ni. Pope Benedict XVI pawh khân a mi mal chanchin ziahna bu (Autobiography) ‘Milestone’-ah, “Augustine-a chu Church Father-te zînga mite nun hneh bertu a ni”, tiin a ziak hial a ni.

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